different between obdurate vs obduracy
obdurate
English
Etymology
Mid-15th century, from Latin obduratus (“hardened”), form of obd?r? (“harden”), from ob- (“against”) + d?r? (“harden, render hard”), from durus (“hard”). Compare durable, endure.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /??bd????t/, /??bdj???t/, /??bd????t/, /-?t/
- (General American) IPA(key): /??bd(j)???t/, /??bd(j)???t/, /-?t/
- Sometimes accented on the second syllable, especially by the older poets.
Adjective
obdurate (comparative more obdurate, superlative most obdurate)
- Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent.
- 1593, Richard Hooker, Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, Book I:
- ... sometimes the very custom of evil making the heart obdurate against whatsoever instructions to the contrary ...
- 1591, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 3, Act I, sc. 4:
- Art thou obdurate, flinty, hard as steel,
- Nay, more than flint, for stone at rain relenteth?
- 1674, John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book I, lines 56–8
- ... round he throws his baleful eyes
- That witness'd huge affliction and dismay
- Mixt with obdurate pride and stedfast hate:
- 1818, Percy Bysshe Shelley,"The Revolt of Islam", canto 4, stanza 9, lines 1486-7:
- But custom maketh blind and obdurate
- The loftiest hearts.
- 1593, Richard Hooker, Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, Book I:
- (obsolete) Physically hardened, toughened.
- Hardened against feeling; hard-hearted.
- 1848, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair, Chapter 13:
- I fear the gentleman to whom Miss Amelia's letters were addressed was rather an obdurate critic.
- 1848, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair, Chapter 13:
Synonyms
- (stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing): hardened, hard-hearted, impertinent, intractable, unrepentant, unyielding, recalcitrant
Derived terms
- obduracy
Related terms
- durable, duration
- endure, endurance, enduring
Translations
Verb
obdurate (third-person singular simple present obdurates, present participle obdurating, simple past and past participle obdurated)
- (transitive, obsolete) To harden; to obdure.
References
Anagrams
- taboured
Latin
Verb
obd?r?te
- second-person plural present active imperative of obd?r?
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obduracy
English
Etymology
From obdurate +? -cy.
Noun
obduracy (plural obduracies)
- The state of being obdurate, intractable, or stubbornly inflexible.
- 1713, Nehemiah Walter, A discourse concerning the wonderfulness of Christ, Eleazer Phillips (Boston), page 156,
- It might also serve to condemn the obduracy and hard-heartedness of the Jews, who relented not, when even the earth trembled and the rocks rent.
- 1812, Percy Bysshe Shelley, "On Leaving London for Wales," ln 5-6,
- True mountain Liberty alone may heal
The pain which Custom's obduracies bring.
- True mountain Liberty alone may heal
- 2007, Simon Hughes, "Chanderpaul finally outwitted by master" Telegraph.co.uk, 20 June,
- Chanderpaul's obduracy might have broken lesser men, but Panesar more than matched him for relentlessness.
- 1713, Nehemiah Walter, A discourse concerning the wonderfulness of Christ, Eleazer Phillips (Boston), page 156,
Related terms
- obdurate (adjective)
Translations
References
- Webster, Noah (1828) , “obduracy”, in An American Dictionary of the English Language
- obduracy in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- “obduracy” in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
- Oxford English Dictionary, second edition (1989)
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