different between obdurate vs hardy
obdurate
English
Etymology
Mid-15th century, from Latin obduratus (“hardened”), form of obd?r? (“harden”), from ob- (“against”) + d?r? (“harden, render hard”), from durus (“hard”). Compare durable, endure.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /??bd????t/, /??bdj???t/, /??bd????t/, /-?t/
- (General American) IPA(key): /??bd(j)???t/, /??bd(j)???t/, /-?t/
- Sometimes accented on the second syllable, especially by the older poets.
Adjective
obdurate (comparative more obdurate, superlative most obdurate)
- Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent.
- 1593, Richard Hooker, Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, Book I:
- ... sometimes the very custom of evil making the heart obdurate against whatsoever instructions to the contrary ...
- 1591, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 3, Act I, sc. 4:
- Art thou obdurate, flinty, hard as steel,
- Nay, more than flint, for stone at rain relenteth?
- 1674, John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book I, lines 56–8
- ... round he throws his baleful eyes
- That witness'd huge affliction and dismay
- Mixt with obdurate pride and stedfast hate:
- 1818, Percy Bysshe Shelley,"The Revolt of Islam", canto 4, stanza 9, lines 1486-7:
- But custom maketh blind and obdurate
- The loftiest hearts.
- 1593, Richard Hooker, Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, Book I:
- (obsolete) Physically hardened, toughened.
- Hardened against feeling; hard-hearted.
- 1848, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair, Chapter 13:
- I fear the gentleman to whom Miss Amelia's letters were addressed was rather an obdurate critic.
- 1848, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair, Chapter 13:
Synonyms
- (stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing): hardened, hard-hearted, impertinent, intractable, unrepentant, unyielding, recalcitrant
Derived terms
- obduracy
Related terms
- durable, duration
- endure, endurance, enduring
Translations
Verb
obdurate (third-person singular simple present obdurates, present participle obdurating, simple past and past participle obdurated)
- (transitive, obsolete) To harden; to obdure.
References
Anagrams
- taboured
Latin
Verb
obd?r?te
- second-person plural present active imperative of obd?r?
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hardy
English
Etymology
From Middle English hardy, hardi, from Old French hardi (“hardy, daring, stout, bold”). Old French hardi is usually regarded as the past participle of hardir ("to harden, be bold, make bold"; compare Occitan ardir, Italian ardire), from Frankish *hardijan; but it may also have come directly from Frankish *hardi, a secondary form of Frankish *hard (compare Old High German harti, herti, secondary forms of Old High German hart (“hard”)); or even yet from Frankish *hardig (compare Middle Low German herdich (“persevering”), Old Danish hærdig, Norwegian herdig, Swedish härdig (“vigorous, courageous”)). Cognate with hard. May have at some point also been surface analysed as hard + -y.
Pronunciation
- (General American) IPA(key): /?h??di/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /?h??di/
- Rhymes: -??(?)di
Adjective
hardy (comparative hardier, superlative hardiest)
- Having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships.
- (botany) Able to survive adverse growing conditions.
- A hardy plant is one that can withstand the extremes of climate, such as frost.
- 2012, David L. Culp, The Layered Garden: Design Lessons for Year-Round Beauty from Brandywine Cottage, Timber Press, page 503:
- By watching where the snow melted first, I discovered warmer spots that I knew would be possible locations for late-winter bloomers or borderline hardy plants.
- Brave and resolute.
- Impudent.
Synonyms
- robust
- rugged
- strong
Derived terms
- half-hardy
- hardily
- hardiness
- cold hardy
- hardihead
- hardihood
Related terms
- foolhardy
Translations
Noun
hardy (plural hardies)
- (usually in the plural) Anything, especially a plant, that is hardy.
- A blacksmith's fuller or chisel, having a square shank for insertion into a square hole in an anvil, called the hardy hole.
Anagrams
- Hydra, hydra
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French hardi.
Adjective
hardy m (feminine singular hardye, masculine plural hardys, feminine plural hardyes)
- hardy (having rugged physical strength)
Descendants
- French: hardi
Polish
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *g?rd?.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?xar.d?/
Adjective
hardy (comparative bardziej hardy, superlative najbardziej hardy, adverb hardo)
- haughty, supercilious, arrogant
- Synonyms: dumny, butny
Declension
Derived terms
- (noun) hardo??
Further reading
- hardy in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
- hardy in Polish dictionaries at PWN
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