different between normal vs wonted

English

Etymology

From Latin norm?lis (“made according to a carpenter's square; later: according to a rule”), from n?rma (“carpenter's square”), of uncertain origin. The earliest use of the word in English was to mean "perpendicular; forming a right angle" like something norm?lis (“made according to a carpenter's square”), but by Late Latin norm?lis had also come to mean "according to a rule", from which modern English senses of the word derive: in the 1800s, as people began to quantitatively study things like height and weight and blood pressure, the usual or most common values came to be referred to as "normal", and by extension values regarded as healthy or desirable came to be called "normal" regardless of their usuality.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?n??m?l/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?n??m?l/
• Rhymes: -??(?)m?l

Adjective

normal (comparative normaler or more normal, superlative normalest or most normal)

1. According to norms or rules or to a regular pattern.
   • 2007, Steven Wilson, "Normal", Porcupine Tree, Nil Recurring.

   • 2014, Michael Rush, Politics & Society, Routledge (?ISBN), page 210:

     In other words, although the legal processes were observed, it was not a normal transfer of power within each of the ruling communist parties. […] Demonstrations of the sort that brought about the collapse of the communist regimes in Eastern Europe were not normal, and where attempts had previously been made to hold them, they were invariably suppressed by force.

   1. (mathematics) Adhering to or being what is considered natural or regular in a particular field or context:
      1. (number theory, of a real number) In whose representation in a given base b ? 2, for every positive integer n, the bⁿ possible strings of n digits follow a uniform distribution.

      2. (algebra, of a subgroup) With cosets which form a group.
      3. (algebra, of a field extension of a field K) Which is the splitting field of a family of polynomials in K.
      4. (probability theory, statistics, of a distribution) Which has a very specific bell curve shape; that is or has the qualities of a normal distribution.
      5. (probability theory, statistics, of a random variable, etc.) Which has a normal distribution; which is associated with random variable that has a normal distribution.
      6. (complex analysis, of a family of continuous functions) Which is pre-compact.
      7. (set theory, of a function from the ordinals to the ordinals) Which is strictly monotonically increasing and continuous with respect to the order topology.
      8. (linear algebra, of a matrix) Which commutes with its conjugate transpose.
      9. (functional analysis, of a Hilbert space operator) Which commutes with its adjoint.
      10. (category theory) Being (as a morphism) or containing (as a category) only normal epimorphism(s) or monomorphism(s), that is, those which are the kernel or cokernel of some morphism, respectively.
      11. (topology, of a topology) In which disjoint closed sets can be separated by disjoint neighborhoods.
2. Usual, healthy; not sick or ill or unlike oneself.

3. (education, of a school) teaching teachers how to teach (to certain norms)

4. (chemistry) Of, relating to, or being a solution containing one equivalent weight of solute per litre of solution.
5. (organic chemistry) Describing a straight chain isomer of an aliphatic hydrocarbon, or an aliphatic compound in which a substituent is in the 1- position of such a hydrocarbon.
6. (physics, of a mode in an oscillating system) In which all parts of an object vibrate at the same frequency (see normal mode).
7. (rail transport, of points) In the default position, set for the most frequently used route.
9. (geometry) Perpendicular to a tangent of a curve or derivative of a surface.

   The interior normal vector of an ideal perfect sphere will always point toward the center, and the exterior normal vector directly away, and both will always be co-linear with the ray whose' tip ends at the point of intersection, which is the intersection of all three sets of points.

Usage notes

• When used to describe a group of people, normal can be understood as meaning that those not part of the group are strange or freakish. Its usage can therefore be understood as offensive to those it excludes.

Synonyms

• (usual): conventional, customary, ordinary, standard, usual, regular, routine, average, expected, natural, typical, everyday, common, commonplace, general
• (healthy): hale, healthy, well
• (perpendicular): at right angles to, perpendicular, orthogonal
• (statistics): Gaussian, standard normal

Antonyms

• (usual): unconventional, nonstandard, unusual, special
• (healthy): ill, poorly (British), sick, unwell
• (perpendicular): tangential
• (rail transport): reverse

Derived terms

Related terms

• norm

Translations

Noun

normal (countable and uncountable, plural normals)

2. (geometry) A line or vector that is perpendicular to another line, surface, or plane.
3. (slang, countable) A person who is normal, who fits into mainstream society, as opposed to those who live alternative lifestyles.
4. (uncountable) The usual state.

Synonyms

• (normal person): see Thesaurus:mainstreamer

Translations

References

Anagrams

• Marlon, Molnar, Morlan

Catalan

Etymology

From French normal.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Valencian) IPA^(key): /no??mal/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /nur?mal/

Adjective

normal (masculine and feminine plural normals)

1. normal

   Antonym: anormal

Derived terms

• normalitat
• normalment

Further reading

• “normal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “normal” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “normal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “normal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin norm?lis. Synchronically analysable as norme +? -al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n??.mal/

Adjective

normal (feminine singular normale, masculine plural normaux, feminine plural normales)

1. normal (according to norms, usual, pertaining to a school to teach teachers how to teach)
2. okay, alright.

   Antonym: anormal

Derived terms

Related terms

• norme

Further reading

• “normal” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n?r?ma?l/, [n???ma?l], [n???-], [n?-], [no-]
• Rhymes: -a?l

Adjective

normal (comparative normaler, superlative am normalsten)

1. ordinary, normal

Declension

Derived terms

Adverb

normal

1. (standard) ordinarily, normally, in a normal fashion

2. (colloquial) Alternative form of normalerweise: usually, normally, in general

Interjection

normal

1. (colloquial) sure, of course, obviously; usually implies that something is trivial

Further reading

• “normal” in Duden online

Hunsrik

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nor?ma?l/

Adjective

normal

1. normal

Declension

Further reading

• Online Hunsrik Dictionary

Interlingua

Adjective

normal (comparative plus normal, superlative le plus normal)

1. normal

   Antonym: anormal

Irish

Etymology

Borrowing from English normal.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?n?????(?)m??l?/

Noun

normal m (genitive singular normail, nominative plural normail)

1. (geometry, statistics, chemistry) normal

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

• "normal" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• “normal” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Ladin

Adjective

normal m (feminine singular normala, masculine plural normai, feminine plural normales)

1. normal

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin norm?lis.

Adjective

normal (neuter singular normalt, definite singular and plural normale)

1. normal, ordinary

   Antonym: unormal

Derived terms

References

• “normal” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin norm?lis.

Adjective

normal (neuter singular normalt, definite singular and plural normale)

1. normal, ordinary

   Antonym: unormal

Derived terms

References

• “normal” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin norm?lis.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /n??.?ma?/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /no?.?maw/, [n?ö?.?mä??]
• Hyphenation: nor?mal

Adjective

normal m or f (plural normais, comparable)

1. normal, standard, regular

Related terms

• norma

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French normal, Latin norm?lis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nor?mal/

Adjective

normal m or n (feminine singular normal?, masculine plural normali, feminine and neuter plural normale)

1. normal

Related terms

• normalitate

Adverb

normal

1. normally

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /no??mal/, [no??mal]
• Hyphenation: nor?mal

Adjective

normal (plural normales)

1. normal, standard, regular, fine

   Synonyms: regular, común

   Antonyms: anormal, raro, poco común

2. (geometry) perpendicular

   Synonym: perpendicular

   Antonyms: oblicuo, paralelo

Derived terms

Noun

normal f (plural normales)

1. (education) a school for becoming a teacher

Swedish

Etymology

From Latin n?rm?lis, from n?rma + -?lis, equivalent to norm +? -al.

Pronunciation

Adjective

normal (comparative normalare, superlative normalast)

1. normal

   Antonyms: abnorm, onaturlig, onormal, sjuklig

Declension

Related terms

• normalisera

Noun

normal c

1. (geometry) a normal (a line which is perpendicular to another line or to a surface)

   Antonym: tangent

Declension

References

• normal in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

English

Etymology

From Middle English woonted (“usual, customary”), from wont (“custom, habit, practice”), alteration of wone (“custom, habit, practice”), from Old English wuna (“custom, habit, practice; usual, wonted”), from Proto-Germanic *wunô (“custom, practice”), from Proto-Indo-European *wenh?- (“to wish, love”). Cognate with Old Frisian wona, wuna (“custom”), Old High German giwona (“custom”). More at wont, wone.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?wo?nt?d/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?w??nt?d/, /?w??nt?d/

Adjective

wonted (comparative more wonted, superlative most wonted)

1. Usual, customary, habitual, or accustomed.
   • 1836, Charles Dickens, Sketches by Boz: illustrative of every-day life and every-day people:

     Rose Villa has once again resumed its wonted appearance; the dining-room furniture has been replaced; the tables are as nicely polished as formerly; the horsehair chairs are ranged against the wall, as regularly as ever [...]

   • 1889, William Dean Howells, A Hazard of New Fortunes

     Superficially, the affairs of 'Every Other Week' settled into their wonted form again, and for Fulkerson they seemed thoroughly reinstated.

   • 2008 (tr.?), Lodovico Ariosto, Orlando Furioso

     But not with wonted welcome;—inly moved [...]

Related terms

• wont
• wontedly
• wone

Translations

Anagrams

• towned