different between nonstandard vs undoubtably

English

Alternative forms

• non-standard

Etymology

non- +? standard

Adjective

nonstandard (comparative more nonstandard, superlative most nonstandard)

1. Not standard.

   Synonym: unstandard

   Antonym: standard

2. (linguistics) Not conforming to the standard variety, or to the language as used by the majority of its speakers.

   • The resulting sequence of covert wh-pronoun + Complementiser has an overt counterpart in nonstandard varieties of English, as the following example (recorded from a BBC radio programme) illustrates:
     (91)      England put themselves in a position [whereby that they took a lot of credit for tonight?s game] (Ron Greenwood, BBC radio 4)

   Synonym: substandard

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

nonstandard (plural nonstandards)

1. Something that is not standard.
   • 2008, Robert Cowart, Brian Knittel, Special Edition Using Microsoft Windows Vista (page 438)

     Unlike the TV standard we are all accustomed to, the Web is the wild, wild West of video nonstandards.

English

Etymology

From Middle English undoutably, equivalent to undoubtable +? -ly.

Adverb

undoubtably (not comparable)

1. (sometimes considered nonstandard) Without doubt; indubitably, undoubtedly.
   • 1679, Edmund Everard, Discourses on the present state of the Protestant princes of Europe, Dorman Newman, London, p. 20:

     I leave it to all the Protestant Princes of Europe to judge if their safety can be solidly established in their Leagues and Confederations with the Princes of the Roman Communion, as it may be undoubtably effected by their Leagues and Confederations amongst themselves.

   • 1887, Albert Parsons, Autobiography:

     This method would undoubtably strike a wholesome terror into the hearts of the working classes.

   • 1963, Charles Poore, "Books of The Times: The Curtain Speeches of Somerset Maugham," New York Times, 5 Oct., p. 18:

     Maugham suggests that storytelling began when primeval hunters told tales around their fires and turbaned raconteurs held forth in what Sinclair Lewis called the clattering bright bazaars. He's undoubtably right.

   • 2003, M. Van Atten and J. Kennedy, "On the Philosophical Development of Kurt Gödel," The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 431:

     Thus, by analogy, philosophical propositions will involve primitive terms, to be arrived at, undoubtably, by a kind of conceptual analysis.

Usage notes

• "Undoubtably" is considered to be nonstandard English by some authorities (for example, Garner's Modern American Usage (2009)), and the term is seldom found in modern literary writing. The Oxford English Dictionary provides no examples of usage after 1513 and characterizes "undoubtably" as "? Obs.," wondering whether the term is obsolete. Nevertheless, many examples of its usage can be found in 20th- and 21st-century popular English and in contemporary academic journals. Its persistence in use may reflect that some writers wish to draw an epistemic differentiability between the idea of "I don't doubt X" or "hardly anyone doubts X" (undoubtedly) versus "it is impossible or nonsensical to doubt X" (undoubtably), where the latter is a stronger category of dubiousness (this differentiation is analogous to that between, for example, undetected and undetectable). But the desired differentiation is not well established or standard.

Synonyms

• indubitably, undoubtedly, doubtlessly, unquestionably

References