different between national vs indigenous

English

Etymology

From Middle French national, corresponding to nation +? -al.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?na?n?(?)l/, /?na?n(?)l/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?næ??n(?)l/, /?næ?n(?)l/

Adjective

national (comparative more national, superlative most national)

1. Pertaining to a nation or country, especially as a whole; affecting, shared by, or existing throughout all of a nation. [from 16th c.]
2. Belonging to or characteristic of a specific nation or country, as opposed to others. [from 17th c.]
3. (now rare) Nationalistic; patriotic. [from 17th c.]
   • 1791, James Boswell, Life of Johnson, Oxford 2008, p. 599:

     ‘Come, come, don't deny it: they are really national. Why, now, the Adams are as liberal-minded men as any in the world: but, I don't know how it is, all their workmen are Scotch.’

Usage notes

See nation for notes regarding the usage of national to refer to the UK and its member states.

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

national (plural nationals)

1. A subject of a nation.

   The diplomats were advised not to interact with any foreign nationals except on official duty.

2. (usually in the plural) A tournament in which participants from all over the nation compete.

   After winning the regional tournament, the team advanced to the nationals.

Translations

Further reading

• national in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• national in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• nataloin, notalian

Danish

Etymology

From New Latin nationalis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [na?o?næ?l], occasionally (to stress the opposition to international) IPA^(key): [?na?o?næ?l]

Adjective

national

1. national, having to do with a particular country in opposition to other nations

   Antonym: international

2. national, having to do with the whole and not only single parts of it

   Antonym: regional

3. patriotic, having positive feelings for one's own nation

Inflection

Derived terms

• international

References

• “national” in Den Danske Ordbog

French

Etymology

nation +? -al; cf. New Latin nationalis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /na.sj?.nal/

Adjective

national (feminine singular nationale, masculine plural nationaux, feminine plural nationales)

1. national

Derived terms

Further reading

• “national” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

German

Etymology

Derived from Nation (“nation”) under the influence of French national.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?natsi?o?na?l/, [?na.tsjo?na?l], /?natsi?o?na?l/, [?na.tsjo?na?l]
• Rhymes: -a?l

Adjective

national (comparative nationaler, superlative am nationalsten)

1. national (being part of the national identity)

2. national (of importance for, or to the benefit of the nation as a whole)

3. nationwide, national (covering a country, as opposed to regional and international levels; see usage note below)

4. (moderately) nationalist

Usage notes

• The comparative forms are infrequent.
• German national in the sense of “nationwide” occurs chiefly in a political context, as shown in the examples above. Its use in other contexts is most often modeled on English usage: ein nationaler Gesangswettbewerb — a national singing competition. The more idiomatic German word is landesweit: ein landesweiter Gesangswettbewerb.

Declension

Derived terms

• Nationalismus
• Nationalität
• Nationalfeiertag
• Nationalmannschaft
• Nationalmeisterschaft
• Nationalsozialismus
• Nationalspieler

Further reading

• “national” in Duden online

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin indigenus (“native, born in a country”), from indi- (indu-), an old derivative of in (“in”), gen- the root of gign? (“give birth to”), and English -ous. Compare indigene, Ancient Greek ????????? (endogen?s, “born in the house”), and the separately formed endogenous.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?n?d?d??n?s/
• (General American) enPR: ?n-d?j??-n?s, ?n-d?j??-n?s, IPA^(key): /?n?d?d??n?s/, /?n?d?d??n?s/
• Rhymes: -?d??n?s, -?d??n?s
• Hyphenation: in?dig?e?nous

Adjective

indigenous (not comparable)

1. Born or originating in, native to a land or region, especially before an intrusion. [from 17th c.]
   • 1862, Henry David Thoreau, "Wild Apples: The History of the Apple Tree":

     Not only the Indian, but many indigenous insects, birds, and quadrupeds, welcomed the apple-tree to these shores.

   • 1997, Eduardo Galeano, Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent, Monthly Review Press, page 17:

     Horses, like camels, had once been indigenous to Latin America but had become extinct.

   1. In particular, of or relating to a people (or their language or culture) that inhabited a region prior to the arrival of people of other cultures which became dominant (e.g., through colonialism), and which maintains a distinct culture.

2. Innate, inborn. [from 19th c.]
   • 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin, ch. 18:

     She was a native and essential cook, as much as Aunt Chloe,—cooking being an indigenous talent of the African race.

   • 1883, George MacDonald, "Stephen Archer" in Stephen Archer and Other Tales:

     He had all the tricks of a newspaper boy indigenous in him.

Usage notes

• Some style guides recommend capitalizing Indigenous in reference to the racial/ethnic/cultural category. (Lowercase indigenous has historically been more common.)

Synonyms

• (native): aboriginal, autochthonous, local; See also Thesaurus:native
• (innate, inborn): connatural, natural; See also Thesaurus:innate

Derived terms

Related terms

• indigena

Translations

References

References

• indigenous at OneLook Dictionary Search
• indigenous in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• indigenous in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.