different between mycorrhiza vs mutualism

English

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ????? (múk?s, “fungus”) + ???? (rhíza, “root”).

Noun

mycorrhiza (plural mycorrhizas or mycorrhizae)

1. (ecology, botany, mycology) A symbiosis between the mycelium of a fungus and the roots of a plant.
   • 2004, Season R. Snyder, Michael F. Allen, Restoration of Micorrhizae in Arid Environments, Dilip K. Arora (editor), Fungal Biotechnology in Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Applications, Marce Dekker, Inc., page 481,

     Alternatively, inoculations of a disturbed site with native or exotic fungi facilitate formation of mycorrhizae in a shorter period, given certain circumstances. The simple application of inoculum, however, does not guarantee the formation of a functional mycorrhiza. The potential benefits of inoculation could be outweighed by cost and efficiency limitations, if the probability of plants benefiting from mycorrhizae is low (Findlay and Kendle 2001).

   • 2004, Ramesh Chanfer Kuhad, David Manohar Kothamasi, K. K. Tripathi, Ajay Singh, 5: Diversity and Functions of Soil Microflora in Development of Plants, Ajit Varma, Lynette Abbott, Dietrich Werner, Rüdiger Hampp (editors, Plant Surface Microbiology, Springer, page 76,

     There are five broad groups of mycorrhiza: the ectomycorrhizae, the arbuscular mycorrhizae, the ericaceous mycorrhizae, the ectendomycorrhizae, and the orchidaceous mycorrhizae (Bagyaraj and Varma 1995; Hodge 2000).

   • 2010, Hinanit Koltai, Yoram Kapulnik (editors), Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and Function, Springer, 2nd Edition, page v,

     This has been associated with advances in different research disciplines such as genetics, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and physiology, advances which have generated better insight into topics of mycorrhizal biology, including the mechanisms of host-mycorrhiza interactions pre- and post-penetration, the influence of the symbiosis on the host and its surroundings, and the evolution and diversity of mycorrhization.

Derived terms

• ectomycorrhiza
• endomycorrhiza
• mycorrhizal
• mycorrhization
• mycorrhized
• mycorrhizic
• mycorrhizosphere

Translations

English

Etymology

mutual +? -ism. Compare French mutualisme and Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish mutualismo.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?mju?.t??.??l?z.m?/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?mju.t?u.??l?z.m?/
• Hyphenation: mu?tu?al?ism

Noun

mutualism (countable and uncountable, plural mutualisms)

1. (ecology) Any interaction between two species that benefits both; typically involves the exchange of substances or services.
2. An economic theory and anarchist school of thought that advocates a society where each person might possess a means of production, either individually or collectively, with trade representing equivalent amounts of labor in the free market.

Related terms

• commensalism

Translations

Romanian

Etymology

From French mutualité

Noun

mutualism n (uncountable)

1. mutualism, mutuality

Declension

Related terms

• mutual