different between mutilate vs scratch
mutilate
English
Etymology
From Latin mutilatus, the past participle of mutilo (“to mutilate”), itself from mutilus (“maimed”).
Pronunciation
- (verb) IPA(key): /?mju?t?le?t/
- (adjective) IPA(key): /?mju?t?l?t/
Verb
mutilate (third-person singular simple present mutilates, present participle mutilating, simple past and past participle mutilated)
- To physically harm as to impair use, notably by cutting off or otherwise disabling a vital part, such as a limb.
- To destroy beyond recognition.
- (figuratively) To render imperfect or defective.
- 1862, George Long, translation of Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, Book V:
- For two reasons then it is right to be content with that which happens to thee; the one, because it was done for thee and prescribed for thee, and in a manner had reference to thee, originally from the most ancient causes spun with thy destiny; and the other, because even that which comes severally to every man is to the power which administers the universe a cause of felicity and perfection, nay even of its very continuance. For the integrity of the whole is mutilated, if thou cuttest off anything whatever from the conjunction and the continuity either of the parts or of the causes. And thou dost cut off, as far as it is in thy power, when thou art dissatisfied, and in a manner triest to put anything out of the way.
- 1862, George Long, translation of Marcus Aurelius, Meditations, Book V:
Synonyms
- maim
- mangle
Derived terms
- mutilation
- mutilative
- mutilator
Translations
Adjective
mutilate (not comparable)
- (obsolete) Deprived of, or having lost, an important part; mutilated.
- 1643, Thomas Browne, Religio Medici
- mutilate and semi-bodies
- 1643, Thomas Browne, Religio Medici
- (zoology) Having fin-like appendages or flukes instead of legs, as a cetacean does.
Alternative forms
- mut. (abbreviation)
See also
- amputate, amputation
- castrate, castration
- circumcise, circumcision
Anagrams
- ultimate
Italian
Verb
mutilate
- second-person plural present indicative of mutilare
- second-person plural imperative of mutilare
- feminine plural of mutilato
Anagrams
- multiate
- ultimate
Latin
Verb
mutil?te
- second-person plural present active imperative of mutil?
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scratch
English
Etymology
From Middle English scracchen, of uncertain origin. Probably a blend of Middle English scratten (“to scratch”) and cracchen (“to scratch”). More at scrat and cratch.
Pronunciation
- enPR: skr?ch, IPA(key): /sk?æt?/
- Rhymes: -æt?
Verb
scratch (third-person singular simple present scratches, present participle scratching, simple past and past participle scratched)
- To rub a surface with a sharp object, especially by a living creature to remove itching with nails, claws, etc.
- 1733, Jonathan Swift, On Poetry, a Rhapsody
- Be mindful, when invention fails, / To scratch your head, and bite your nails.
- 1733, Jonathan Swift, On Poetry, a Rhapsody
- To rub the skin with rough material causing a sensation of irritation; to cause itching.
- For a man, when kissing someone, to irritate the skin of that person with one's unshaven beard.
- To mark a surface with a sharp object, thereby leaving a scratch (noun).
- To cross out, strike out, strike through some text on a page.
- Hence, to remove, ignore or delete.
- Hence, to remove, ignore or delete.
- (music) To produce a distinctive sound on a turntable by moving a vinyl record back and forth while manipulating the crossfader (see also scratching).
- (billiards) To commit a foul in pool, as where the cue ball is put into a pocket or jumps off the table.
- (billiards, dated, US) To score, not by skillful play but by some fortunate chance of the game.
- To write or draw hastily or awkwardly; scrawl.
- (transitive, intransitive) To dig or excavate with the claws.
- To dig or scrape (a person's skin) with claws or fingernails in self-defense or with the intention to injure.
Synonyms
- scrattle
Derived terms
Translations
Noun
scratch (countable and uncountable, plural scratches)
- A disruption, mark or shallow cut on a surface made by scratching.
- 1677-1684, Joseph Moxon, Mechanick Exercises
- The coarse file […] makes deep scratches in the work.
- 1709, Matthew Prior, Henry and Emma, line 503
- These nails with scratches deform my breast.
- 1677-1684, Joseph Moxon, Mechanick Exercises
- An act of scratching the skin to alleviate an itch or irritation.
- (sports)
- A starting line (originally and simply, a line scratched in the ground), as in boxing.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Grose to this entry?)
- A technical error of touching or surpassing the starting mark prior to the official start signal in the sporting events of long jump, discus, hammer throw, shot put, and similar. Originally the starting mark was a scratch on the ground but is now a board or precisely indicated mark.
- (cycling) The last riders to depart in a handicap race.
- (billiards) An aberration.
- A foul in pool, as where the cue ball is put into a pocket or jumps off the table.
- (archaic, US, slang) A shot which scores by chance and not as intended by the player; a fluke.
- (horse racing) A horse withdrawn from a race prior to the start.
- A starting line (originally and simply, a line scratched in the ground), as in boxing.
- (slang) Money.
- 2006, Clive James, North Face of Soho, Picador 2007, p. 153:
- He and Bruce cooked up a script together, and Bruce flew home to raise the scratch.
- 2006, Clive James, North Face of Soho, Picador 2007, p. 153:
- A feed, usually a mixture of a few common grains, given to chickens.
- (in the plural) Minute, but tender and troublesome, excoriations, covered with scabs, upon the heels of horses which have been used where it is very wet or muddy.
- 1887, James Law, The Farmer's Veterinary Adviser
- These are exemplified in the scurfy, scaly affections which appear in the bend of the knee (mallenders) and hock (sallenders) and on the lower parts of the limbs, by scratches, and by a scaly exfoliation […].
- 1887, James Law, The Farmer's Veterinary Adviser
- (now historical) A scratch wig.
- 1775, Frances Burney, Journals & Letters, Penguin 2001, 26 March:
- [H]e turned to him with a dejected Face, and said ‘ – pray Sir, – could you touch up This a little?’ taking hold of his frightful scratch.
- 1775, Frances Burney, Journals & Letters, Penguin 2001, 26 March:
- (music) A genre of Virgin Islander music, better known as fungi.
Synonyms
- (Virgin Islander music): fungi, quelbe
Derived terms
Translations
Adjective
scratch (not comparable)
- For or consisting of preliminary or tentative, incomplete, etc. work.
- Hastily assembled, arranged or constructed, from whatever materials are to hand, with little or no preparation
- 1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, Oxford 2004, p. 740:
- Bluecoats began crossing the James on June 14 and next day two corps approached Petersburg, which was held by Beauregard with a scratch force of 2,500.
- 1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, Oxford 2004, p. 740:
- (computing, from scratchpad) Relating to a data structure or recording medium attached to a machine for testing or temporary use.
- (sports) (of a player) Of a standard high enough to play without a handicap, i.e. to compete without the benefit of a variation in scoring based on ability.
Derived terms
- scratch sheet
References
- Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “scratch”, in Online Etymology Dictionary
- The Jargon File - Scratch
French
Etymology
From English scratch.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sk?at?/
Noun
scratch m (plural scratchs)
- Velcro
Synonyms
- velcro
Italian
Etymology
From English scratch.
Noun
scratch m (invariable)
- (music) scratch
Spanish
Etymology
From English scratch.
Noun
scratch m (plural scratchs)
- (music) scratch
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