different between must vs scold

English

Alternative forms

• mus'

Pronunciation

• (stressed) IPA^(key): /?m?st/
• (unstressed) IPA^(key): /m?s(t)/
• Rhymes: -?st
• Homophone: mussed

Etymology 1

From Middle English moste ("must", literally, "had to", the past tense of Middle English moten (“to have to”)), from Old English m?ste (“had to”), 1st & 3rd person singular past tense of m?tan (“to be allowed, be able to, have the opportunity to, be compelled to, must, may”). From Proto-Germanic *m?tan?. Cognate with Dutch moest (“had to”), German musste (“had to”), Swedish måste (“must, have to, be obliged to”). More at mote.

Verb

must (third-person singular simple present must, no present participle, simple past must, no past participle)

1. (modal auxiliary, defective) To do with certainty; indicates that the speaker is certain that the subject will have executed the predicate.

2. (modal auxiliary, defective) To do as a requirement; indicates that the sentence subject is required as an imperative or directive to execute the sentence predicate, with failure to do so resulting in a negative consequence.
3. (modal auxiliary, defective) Used to indicate that something that is very likely, probable, or certain to be true.

Usage notes

• (auxiliary, to do with certainty): Compare with weaker auxiliary verb should, indicating a strong probability of the predicate’s execution.
• (auxiliary, to do as a requirement): Compare with weaker auxiliary verb should, indicating mere intent for the predicate’s execution; and stronger auxiliary verb will, indicating that the negative consequence will be unusually severe.
• The past tense of “must” is also “must”. In main clauses, this use of the past tense is almost always literary (see King James Bible, Leiber, and Alcott quotations below). In subordinate clauses, it is more common: He knew what he must do. Otherwise, the past sense is usually conveyed by had to. It is possible to use was bound to for the past also. For this reason, have to and be bound to are also used as alternatives to must in the present and future.
• The principal verb, if easily supplied, may be omitted. In modern usage this is mainly literary (see Housman and Tolkien quotations below).
• Must is unusual in its negation: must not still expresses a definite certainty or requirement. Need and have to, on the other hand, are negated in the usual manner. Compare:

You must not read that book. (It is necessary that you not read that book.)

You need not read that book. / You do not have to read that book. (It is not necessary that you read that book.)

• The second-person singular (thou being the subject) no longer adds -est (as it did in Old English).

Translations

See also

• Appendix:English modal verbs
• Appendix:English tag questions

Noun

must (plural musts)

1. Something that is mandatory or required.

   Synonyms: imperative, necessity

   Hyponyms: must-do, must-have, must-see

   Antonym: no-no

Descendants

• ? French: must

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English must, from Old English must and Old French must, most, both from Latin mustum.

Noun

must (plural musts)

1. The property of being stale or musty.
2. Something that exhibits the property of being stale or musty.
3. Fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes.
   • c. 1874, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Ovid in Exile

     No sweet grape lies hidden here in the shade of its vine-leaves,
     No fermenting must fills and o'erflows the deep vats.

Translations

Verb

must (third-person singular simple present musts, present participle musting, simple past and past participle musted)

1. (transitive) To make musty.
2. (intransitive) To become musty.

Further reading

• must on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 3

From Persian ???? (mast, “drunk, inebriated”), from Middle Persian ????????????? (mast).

Noun

must (plural musts)

1. A time during which male elephants exhibit increased levels of sexual activity and aggressiveness (also spelled musth).
   • 1936, George Orwell, Shooting an Elephant, an essay in the magazine New Writing:

     It was not, of course, a wild elephant, but a tame one which had gone ‘must’.

2. An elephant in this sexual and aggressive state.

Anagrams

• MTUs, UMTS, smut, stum, tums

Dutch

Etymology

From English must, from the past tense of Proto-Germanic *m?tan?, whence native moeten.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /m?st/

Noun

must m (plural musts)

1. a must (necessity, prerequisite)

   Synonym: moetje

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *musta. Cognate with Finnish musta, Veps must and Livonian must?. Possibly from Proto-Germanic *mus-ta-, compare Norwegian Bokmål must (“steam, fume, mist”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?must/
• Hyphenation: must

Adjective

must (genitive musta, partitive musta, comparative mustem, superlative kõige mustem or mustim)

1. black (color)

2. Dark, without light, illumination (and poorly visible).
   1. Without snow.

3. Having dark skin.

4. Dirty, unclean, full of garbage and/or grime.
   1. Not requiring special skills, making something or someone dirty.

   Synonym: räpane

5. Grim, dreary, hopeless, without any (good) solution.
   1. Illegal, unofficial, disgraceful.

Declension

Noun

must (genitive musta, partitive musta)

1. The color black.

2. Something colored in black.

3. A person having dark skin.

Declension

Antonyms

• valge

Derived terms

• mustus
• mustuma
• mustendama
• mustenma
• mustama

Related terms

• must auk
• mustvalge
• musträstas
• süsimust
• must sõstar

See also

References

Finnish

Etymology 1

A variant of musta < minusta (“of me”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?must/, [?mus?t?]
• Rhymes: -ust
• Syllabification: must

Pronoun

must

1. (colloquial) elative singular of mä

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English must.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?m?st/, [?m?s?t?]

Noun

must

1. (colloquial) must (something mandatory or required)

Declension

• Not inflected.

Synonyms

• pakko; pakollinen juttu

French

Etymology

Borrowed from English must.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mœst/

Noun

must m (plural musts)

1. (informal) that which is compulsory; an obligation; duty; must

   Synonyms: essentiel, impératif
2. (often humorous) must-have (item that one must own)

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?mu?t]
• Hyphenation: must
• Rhymes: -u?t

Noun

must (plural mustok)

1. must (sweet fresh grape juice that has not fermented yet)

Declension

Further reading

• must in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN

Ludian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *musta.

Adjective

must

1. black

Middle English

Alternative forms

• most, moste, moust, muste

Etymology

From Old English must and Old French must, most, both from Latin mustum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /must/

Noun

must (uncountable)

1. must (wine that is not fully fermented)
2. (rare, with qualifier) fruit juice

Descendants

• English: must

References

• “must, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Romanian

Etymology

From Latin mustum, from Proto-Indo-European *mus-, *mews- (“damp”).

Noun

must n (plural musturi)

1. unfermented wine; grape or other fruit juice
2. must (of grapes)

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

• mustos
• must?rea??

See also

• zeam?, suc

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse muster, moster, from Latin mustum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /m?st/

Noun

must c (uncountable)

1. A kind of soft drink, more commonly known as julmust
3. Unfermented fruit juice

Declension

See also

• must on the Swedish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^sv

Anagrams

• stum, tums

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *musta.

Adjective

must

1. black

Inflection

Derived terms

• musteta
• Mustmägi
• mustsil'mäine
• mustverine

Noun

must

1. black

Inflection

References

• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007) , “??????”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovar? [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Volapük

Noun

must (nominative plural musts)

1. must (new wine; sweet cider)

Declension

Võro

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *musta.

Adjective

must (genitive musta, partitive musta)

1. black (colour)

Inflection

English

Etymology

The noun is from Middle English scold(e), skald(e), first attested in the 12th or 13th century (as scold, scolde, skolde, skald). The verb is from Middle English scolden, first attested in the late 1300s. Most dictionaries derive the verb from the noun and say the noun is probably from Old Norse skald (“poet”) (cognate with Icelandic skáld (“poet, scop”)), as skalds sometimes wrote insulting poems, though another view is that the Norse and English words are cognate to each other and to Old High German skeldan, Old Dutch skeldan, all inherited from Proto-Germanic *skeldan? (“scold”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /sk??ld/, [sk???d]
• (US) IPA^(key): /sko?ld/
• Rhymes: -??ld

Noun

scold (plural scolds)

1. A person who habitually scolds, in particular a troublesome and angry woman.
   • c. 1515–1516, published 1568, John Skelton, Again?t venemous tongues enpoy?oned with ?claunder and fal?e detractions &c.:

     A ?claunderous tunge, a tunge of a ?kolde,
     Worketh more mi?chiefe than can be tolde;
     That, if I wi?t not to be controlde,
     Yet ?omwhat to ?ay I dare well be bolde,
     How ?ome delite for to lye, thycke and threfolde.

   • 1907, E.M. Forster, The Longest Journey, Part II, XVIII [Uniform ed., p. 196]:

     “Well, I won’t have it, and that’s enough.” She laughed, for her voice had a little been that of the professional scold.

Alternative forms

• scould, scolde (obsolete)

Synonyms

• See Thesaurus:shrew

Related terms

• scold's bridle

Translations

Verb

scold (third-person singular simple present scolds, present participle scolding, simple past and past participle scolded)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To rebuke angrily.
   • 1813, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen

     A week elapsed before she could see Elizabeth without scolding her —
2. (ornithology) Of birds, to make harsh vocalisations in aggression.
3. Of birds, to make vocalisations that resemble human scolding.
4. Misconstruction of scald

Derived terms

• outscold

Synonyms

• See Thesaurus:criticize

Translations

References

Anagrams

• clods, clos'd, colds