different between motion vs antecedence

English

Etymology

From Middle English mocioun, mocion, from Anglo-Norman motion, Middle French motion, and their etymon Latin motio (“movement, motion”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?m????n/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?mo???n/
• Rhymes: -????n
• Hyphenation: mot?ion

Noun

motion (countable and uncountable, plural motions)

1. (uncountable) A state of progression from one place to another.

   Synonym: movement

   Antonym: rest

2. (countable) A change of position with respect to time.
   • 1667, Richard Allestree, The Causes of the Decay of Christian Piety

     This is the great wheel to which the clock owes its motion.

3. (physics) A change from one place to another.

   Synonyms: move, movement

   Antonym: rest

   • 1839, Denison Olmsted, A Compendium of Astronomy Page 95

     Secondly, When a body is once in motion it will continue to move forever, unless something stops it. When a ball is struck on the surface of the earth, the friction of the earth and the resistance of the air soon stop its motion.

4. (countable) A parliamentary action to propose something. A similar procedure in any official or business meeting.
5. (obsolete) An entertainment or show, especially a puppet show.
   • 1644, John Milton, Aeropagitica

     when God gave him reason, he gave him freedom to choose, for reason is but choosing; he had bin else a meer artificiall Adam, such an Adam as he is in the motions.

6. (philosophy) from ??????? (kinesis); any change. Traditionally of four types: generation and corruption, alteration, augmentation and diminution, and change of place.
   • 1662, Henry More, An Antidote Against Atheism, Book II, A Collection of Several Philosophical Writings of Dr. Henry More, p. 53:

     "I say, it is no uneven jot, to pass from the more faint and obscure examples of Spermatical life to the more considerable effects of general Motion in Minerals, Metalls, and sundry Meteors, whose easie and rude shapes may have no need of any Principle of Life, or Spermatical form distinct from the Rest or Motion of the particles of the Matter."

7. Movement of the mind, desires, or passions; mental act, or impulse to any action; internal activity.

   • Let a good man obey every good motion rising in his heart, knowing that every such motion proceeds from God.

8. (law) A formal request, oral or written, made to a judge or court of law to obtain an official court ruling or order for a legal action to be taken by, or on behalf of, the movant.
9. (euphemistic) A movement of the bowels; the product of such movement.
10. (music) Change of pitch in successive sounds, whether in the same part or in groups of parts. (Conjunct motion is that by single degrees of the scale. Contrary motion is when parts move in opposite directions. Disjunct motion is motion by skips. Oblique motion is when one part is stationary while another moves. Similar or direct motion is when parts move in the same direction.)
    • 1878, George Grove, A Dictionary of Music and Musicians

      The independent motions of different parts sounding together constitute counterpoint.

11. (obsolete) A puppet, or puppet show.

    • What motion's this? the model of Nineveh?

12. (mechanical engineering) A piece of moving mechanism, such as on a steam locomotive.

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

motion (third-person singular simple present motions, present participle motioning, simple past and past participle motioned)

1. To gesture indicating a desired movement.
2. (proscribed) To introduce a motion in parliamentary procedure.
3. To make a proposal; to offer plans.

Usage notes

The parliamentary sense is incorrectly used by people who are not familiar with parliamentary procedure. They might say “I motion that such-and-such” – however, it would be correct to say “I move that such-and-such”.

Related terms

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from French motion, from Latin m?tio (“movement”), from mov?re (“to move”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mosjo?n/, [mo??o??n]

Noun

motion c (singular definite motionen, not used in plural form)

1. exercise (physical activity intended to improve strength and fitness)

Further reading

• motion on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^da

French

Etymology

From Old French motion, mocion, borrowed from Latin moti?, moti?nem, noun of action from perfect passive participle motus (“having been moved”), from verb movere (“move”), + noun of action suffix -io.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /m?.sj??/

Noun

motion f (plural motions)

1. motion (4)

Related terms

• mouvoir
• mouvement

Further reading

• “motion” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Norman

Etymology

From Old French motion, mocion, borrowed from Latin m?tio (“movement, motion”).

Noun

motion f (plural motions)

1. (Jersey) motion

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /m?t??u?n/, /m?t??u?n/

Noun

motion c

1. exercise (physical activity)
2. a motion (proposal from a member of parliament)

Declension

Related terms

• motionär
• motionera

Derived terms

• motionsidrott
• motionsrunda

References

English

Etymology

From Latin antec?dentia from Latin antec?d?ns (“preceding”), from antec?d? (“go before”).

Noun

antecedence (countable and uncountable, plural antecedences)

1. The relationship of preceding something in time or order.

   Synonyms: precedence, priority; see also Thesaurus:anteriority

   Antonyms: subsequence; see also Thesaurus:posteriority

   • 1546, George Joye, The Refutation of the Byshop of Winchesters Derke Declaration of His False Articles, London: J. Herford, p. lxi,^[2]

     […] your […] darke argument […] is this breifly in fewe wordes. The office […] of charite is to geue life ergo charitie iustifieth. […] But what and if I denye your antecedence, and proue it by scripture, that faith and not loue is the lyfe of the iustified.

   • 1651, Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, London: Andrew Crooke, “Of Man,” Chapter 12, p. 52,^[3]

     […] whereas there is no other Felicity of Beasts, but the enjoying of their quotidian Food, Ease, and Lusts; as having little, or no foresight of the time to come, for want of observation, and memory of the order, consequence, and dependance of the things they see; Man observeth how one Event hath been produced by another; and remembreth in them Antecedence and Consequence;

   • 1855, Herbert Spencer, The Principles of Psychology, § 33, p. 129,^[4]

     […] we are concerned with those relations of antecedence or sequence which it is impossible to think of as other than we know them.

   • 1965, Grahame Clark and Stuart Piggott, Prehistoric Societies, New York: Knopf, Chapter 8, p. 165,^[5]

     […] the phrase ‘Pre-pottery Neolithic’ has been coined, but this clumsy term carries with it an implication of antecedence to all pottery-using cultures, which is misleading, as such cultures were sometimes only locally without pottery as a cultural trait in areas where potter-making existed in close proximity.

2. That which precedes something or someone (e.g. prior events, origin, ancestry).
   • 1858, Thomas Carlyle, History of Friedrich the Second, New York: Harper, Volume 2, Book 10, Chapter 2, p. 461,^[6]

     […] it is pleasantly notable […] with what desperate intensity, vigilance, and fierceness Madame watches over all his interests, and liabilities, and casualties great and small, leaping with her whole force into M. de Voltaire’s scale of the balance, careless of antecedences and consequences alike; flying with the spirit of an angry brood-hen, at the face of mastiffs in defense of any feather that is M. de Voltaire’s.

   • 1988, Rupert Christiansen, Romantic Affinities, New York: Putnam, Select Bibliography, p. 253,^[7]

     The literature on the French Revolution and its antecedence is vast.

   • 1993, Vikram Seth, A Suitable Boy, Boston: Little, Brown, 17.22,^[8]

     The child she had conceived in terror, had carried in shame, and had borne in pain had been given the name of that paradisal spring which could, if anything could, wash antecedence into non-existence and torment into calm.

   • 2010, Howard Jacobson, The Finkler Question, New York: Bloomsbury, Chapter 11, p. 271,^[9]

     He had at no time been sympathetic to Tyler’s Jewish aspirations. He didn’t need to be married to a Jew. He was Jew enough — at least in his antecedence — for both of them.

3. The length of time by which one event or time period precedes another.
   • 1851, John Richardson, Arctic Searching Expedition, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, Volume 2, Appendix, No. 2, pp. 239-240,^[10]

     The average antecedence of spring phenomena at Carlton House to their occurrence at Cumberland House is between a fortnight and three weeks.

   • 1949, William Scott Ferguson, “Orgeonika” in Commemorative Studies in Honor of Theodore Leslie Shear, Hesperia Supplement VIII, reprint, Amsterdam: Swets & Zeitlinger, 1975, p. 146,^[11]

     […] the following year would have shown an antecedence of the conciliar year over the civil of […] fourteen days.

4. (grammar) The relationship between a pronoun and its antecedent.
   • 1895, Austin Phelps and Henry Allyn Frink, Rhetoric: Its Theory and Practice, New York: Scribner, Chapter 13, p. 109,^[12]

     Sometimes this defect amounts to a blundering obliviousness of all antecedence. The following tearful reproof was given by a judge of the State of New York to a prisoner just convicted: “ […] nature has endowed you with a good education and respectable family connections, instead of which you go around the country stealing ducks.”

   • 1941, John B. Opdycke, Harper’s English Grammar, New York: Popular Library, 1965, Part 1, Chapter 2, p. 52,^[13]

     The pronouns who and which and what, used interrogatively, […] may refer to a word or to words in the answer to a question, but their antecedence may be indefinite or unrevealed, even after the answer is given.

5. (geology) A geologic process that explains how and why antecedent rivers can cut through mountain systems instead of going around them.
   • 2005, Wallace R. Hansen, The Geologic Story of the Uinta Mountains, Guilford, CT: Falcon, 2nd ed., p. 26,^[14]

     Speculation as to how the Green River established its course across the Uinta Mountains led Powell to introduce such terms as “superposition” and “antecedence” to identify processes by which streams are able to establish and maintain courses across mountain barriers.

6. (astronomy, obsolete) An apparent motion of a planet toward the west.

   Synonym: retrogradation

Synonyms

• antecedency

Related terms

• antecede
• antecedent
• antecedently
• antecessor (obsolete)

Translations

References

Further reading

• Samuel Johnson (15 April 1755) , “Antece?dence”, in A Dictionary of the English Language: […] In Two Volumes, volume I (A–K), London: […] J[ohn] and P[aul] Knapton; […], OCLC 1637325, column 2: “The act or ?tate of going before; precedence.”