different between metaphrase vs calque

English

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ???????????? (metaphrázomai, “consider after”)

Noun

metaphrase (plural metaphrases)

1. a literal, word-for-word translation.
2. An answering phrase; repartee.

   • I'm somewhat dull still in the manly art
     Of phrase and metaphrase. Why, any man
     Can carve a score of white Loves out of snow,
     As Buonarroti down in Florence there,
     And set them on the wall in some safe shade […]

Verb

metaphrase (third-person singular simple present metaphrases, present participle metaphrasing, simple past and past participle metaphrased)

1. to make such a literal translation.

See also

• Translation

English

Etymology

Borrowed from French calque (“calque”, literally “tracing, copy”), from calquer (“to copy, trace”) (whence also calk), itself borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calc?re (“I tread”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kælk/
• Rhymes: -ælk
• Homophones: calc, calk
• Hyphenation: calque

Noun

calque (plural calques)

1. (linguistics, translation studies) A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language.

   Synonyms: loan translation, calquing

   Hypernym: loan formation

   Coordinate term: (a term that is partially a calque and partially formally contains a foreign element) partial calque, loanblend

Translations

Hyponyms

• partial calque

Derived terms

• semi-calque

See also

• Hobson-Jobson
• loanword
• metaphrase

Verb

calque (third-person singular simple present calques, present participle calquing, simple past and past participle calqued)

1. (linguistics, translation studies) To adopt (a word or phrase) from one language to another by semantic translation of its parts.

Translations

Trivia

• While the term calque is a loanword from French, the term loanword is a calque from German.

Anagrams

• claque

Asturian

Verb

calque

1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive of calcar

French

Etymology

Deverbal of calquer, borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calc?re (“I tread”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kalk/

Noun

calque m (plural calques)

1. tracing (the reproduction of an image made by copying it through translucent paper)
2. (lexicography) calque, loan translation
3. (computer graphics) layer

Descendants

• ? Belarusian: ??????? (kál?ka)
• ? Bulgarian: ?????? (kálka)
• ? Catalan: calc (semantic loan)
• ? Czech: kalk
• ? English: calque
• ? Georgian: ????? (?al?i)
• ? Italian: calco (semantic loan)
• ? Latvian: kalks
• ? Macedonian: ????? (kalka)
• ? Polish: kalka
• ? Romanian: calc
• ? Russian: ??????? (kál?ka)
• ? Serbo-Croatian: ????? (k?lk)
• ? Slovak: kalk
• ? Slovene: kalk
• ? Spanish: calco (semantic loan)
• ? Ukrainian: ??????? (kál?ka)
• ? Yiddish: ??????? (kalke)

Further reading

• “calque” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• claque, claqué

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -awki

Verb

calque

1. inflection of calcar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Spanish

Verb

calque

1. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of calcar.
2. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of calcar.
3. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of calcar.