different between mar vs gouge

English

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /m??(?)/
• (US) IPA^(key): /m??/, [m??], [m??]
• Rhymes: -??(?)
• Hyphenation: mar

Etymology 1

From Middle English merren, from Old English mierran (“to mar, disturb, confuse; scatter, squander, waste; upset, hinder, obstruct; err”), from Proto-Germanic *marzijan? (“to disturb, hinder”), from Proto-Indo-European *mers- (“to annoy, disturb, neglect, forget, ignore”). Cognate with Scots mer, mar (“to obstruct, impede, spoil, ruin”), Dutch marren (“to push along, delay, hinder”), dialectal German merren (“to entangle”), Icelandic merja (“to bruise, crush”), Gothic ???????????????????????????? (marzjan, “to annoy, bother, disturb, offend”), Lithuanian miršti (“to forget, lose, become oblivious, die”), Armenian ??????? (mo?anal, “to forget, fail”).

Alternative forms

• marre (obsolete)

Verb

mar (third-person singular simple present mars, present participle marring, simple past and past participle marred)

1. (transitive) To spoil; to ruin; to scathe; to damage.

Derived terms

• marring

Translations

Noun

mar (plural mars)

1. A blemish.

Derived terms

• marless

Etymology 2

See mere. Doublet of mare and mere.

Noun

mar (plural mars)

1. A small lake.

Anagrams

• AMR, ARM, Arm, Arm., MRA, RAM, RMA, Ram, arm, ram

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mar/

Adverb

mar

1. (colloquial, dialectal) Alternative form of maar

Conjunction

mar

1. (colloquial, dialectal) Alternative form of maar

Ambonese Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch maar.

Conjunction

mar

1. but

Aragonese

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

mar m (plural mars)

1. sea

References

• Bal Palazios, Santiago (2002) , “mar”, in Dizionario breu de a luenga aragonesa, Zaragoza, ?ISBN

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin mare.

Noun

mar m or f (plural mares)

1. sea (body of water)

Bourguignon

Etymology

From Latin mare.

Noun

mar f (plural mars)

1. sea

Catalan

Etymology

From Old Occitan mar, from Latin mare (“sea”), from Proto-Italic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /?mar/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /?ma?/
• Homophones: ma, mà
• Rhymes: -a(?)
• Hyphenation: mar

Noun

mar m or f (plural mars)

1. sea

Derived terms

Chavacano

Etymology

From Spanish mar (“sea”).

Noun

mar

1. sea

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician and Old Portuguese mar, from Latin mare.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ma?/

Noun

mar m (plural mares)

1. sea
2. swell

3. (figuratively) sea; vast number or quantity

   Synonyms: monte, mundo

Derived terms

Related terms

References

• “mar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
• “mar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
• “mar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “mar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese mar. Cognate with Kabuverdianu már.

Noun

mar

1. sea

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?m?r]
• Rhymes: -?r

Etymology 1

From Proto-Uralic *mura-, (*mur?) (“bit, crumb; crumble, crack”).

Verb

mar

2. (transitive) to bite (of animals)

   Synonyms: harap, tép

3. (transitive) to bite, to burn (of acid)

   Synonym: roncsol

Conjugation

Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

Etymology 2

Noun

mar (uncountable)

2. withers (the protruding part of a four-legged animal between the neck and the backbone)

Declension

Derived terms

• marmagasság

References

Further reading

• (to bite): mar in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN
• (withers): mar in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ma?r/

  Rhymes: -a?r

Etymology 1

From Old Norse marr, from Proto-Germanic *marhaz.

Noun

mar m (genitive singular mars, nominative plural marar or marir)

1. (poetic) horse

Declension

or

Etymology 2

From Old Norse marr, from Proto-Germanic *mari.

Noun

mar m (genitive singular marar)

1. (poetic) the sea

Declension

Etymology 3

First attested at the end of the 18th century. Related to merja (“to crush, bruise”).

Noun

mar n (genitive singular mars, no plural)

1. bruise, contusion

Declension

References

• “mar” in: Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon — Íslensk orðsifjabók, 1st edition, 2nd printing (1989). Reykjavík, Orðabók Háskólans.

Interlingua

Noun

mar (plural mares)

1. sea

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish immar.

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /?m????/
• (Connacht, Ulster) IPA^(key): /?m?a??/

Conjunction

mar

1. because

   Synonyms: óir, toisc go, arae, de bhrí go

2. as

Derived terms

Preposition

mar (plus dative, triggers lenition)

1. like
2. as

Synonyms

• amhail
• ar chuma
• ar nós
• cosúil le
• dála
• fearacht

References

• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “immar”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• "mar" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.

Italian

Noun

mar m

1. (form of mare used in poetry and in names of some seas) sea

Derived terms

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese mar.

Noun

mar

1. sea
2. ocean

References

• Gonçalves, Manuel (2015) Capeverdean Creole-English dictionary, ?ISBN

Maltese

Etymology

From Arabic ?????? (marra, “to pass”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma?r/
• Rhymes: -a?r

Verb

mar (imperfect jmur, verbal noun mawrien)

1. to go

Conjugation

• Note: Predominantly conjugated like a hollow root, but the original gemination surfaces prevocalically, i.e. in the plural imperfect as well as the third-person feminine and plural of the perfect.

Marshallese

Pronunciation

• (phonetic) IPA^(key): [m??r?]
• (phonemic) IPA^(key): /m?ær?/
• Bender phonemes: {mar}

Noun

mar

1. a bush
2. a shrub
3. a boondock
4. a thicket

References

• Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

Norman

Alternative forms

• mare (continental Normandy, Guernsey)
• mathe (Jersey)

Etymology

From Old French mare.

Noun

mar f (plural mars)

1. (Sark) pool

Northern Kurdish

Noun

mar m

1. snake
2. marriage

Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan mar, from Latin mare.

Noun

mar f (plural mars)

1. sea (large body of water)

Derived terms

• liri de mar

Old French

Adjective

mar m (oblique and nominative feminine singular mare)

1. Alternative form of mare

Adverb

mar

1. Alternative form of mare

Old Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin mare (“sea”), from Proto-Indo-European *móri (“sea”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ma?/

Noun

mar m

1. sea
   • 13th century, Vindel manuscript, Martín Codax, Mia irmana fremosa, treides comigo (facsimile)

     Mia irmana fremo?a treides de grado / ala ygreia de uigo u e o mar leuado / E miraremos las ondas.

     Lovely sister, come willingly / To the church in Vigo, where the sea is up, / And we will gaze at the waves.

Descendants

• Galician: mar
• Portuguese: mar
  • Kabuverdianu: mar
  • Kabuverdianu: már

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mar/

Noun

mar f

1. genitive plural of mara

Portuguese

Etymology 1

From Old Portuguese mar (“sea”), from Latin mare (“sea”), from Proto-Italic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /?ma?/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?ma?/, [?mä?]
  • (Paulistano) IPA^(key): /?ma?/, /?ma?/
  • (South Brazil) IPA^(key): /?ma?/, /?ma?/
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /?ma?/
    • Homophone: mal
  • (Carioca) IPA^(key): /?ma?/
  • (Nordestino) IPA^(key): /?mah/
• Hyphenation: mar

Noun

mar m (plural mares)

1. sea
2. (figuratively) a multitude; a great amount or number of things

Derived terms

• gaivotas em terra, tempestade no mar - Seagulls inland, storm at sea.
• mar de rosas

Related terms

• maré
• mareiro
• marina
• marinha
• marinho
• marítimo

Descendants

• Kabuverdianu: mar
• Kabuverdianu: már

Etymology 2

Adverb

mar (comparative mais mar superlative o mais mar)

1. Eye dialect spelling of mal, representing Caipira Portuguese.

Romansch

Alternative forms

• (Puter) mer

Etymology

From Latin mare, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

Noun

mar f (plural mars)

1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran) sea

Noun

mar m (plural mars)

1. (Vallader) sea

Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms

• man

Etymology

From Old Irish immar

Preposition

mar

1. as
2. like

Usage notes

• Lenites the following word.

Derived terms

• ciamar
• mar eisimpleir
• mar seo
• mar sin
• mar eadh

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *mar?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mâ?r/

Noun

m?r m (Cyrillic spelling ????)

1. (rare) diligence
2. (rare) eagerness, zeal

Declension

See also

• marljivost
• marljiv

Somali

Etymology

From Proto-Cushitic *mar-/*mir-/*mur-

Verb

mar

1. to pass, to proceed

References

• “mar” In: Abdullah Umar Mansur (1985) Qaamuska Afsoomaliga.

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin mare (“sea”), from Proto-Italic *mari, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ma?/, [?ma?]
• Hyphenation: mar

Noun

mar m or f (plural mares)

1. sea
2. seaside
3. (selenology) lunar mare
4. (la mar) loads
5. (la mar de) really; hella

Usage notes

Mar is usually treated as a masculine noun in formal prose and as a feminine noun by sailors or in poetry.

Derived terms

Related terms

Hyponyms

• See also Category:es:Seas.

Descendants

• Aymara: lamara
• Classical Nahuatl: láma?r
• Papiamentu: lama, laman

Further reading

• “mar” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

Swedish

Noun

mar

1. March; Abbreviation of mars.

See also

• jan - feb - mar - apr - maj - jun - jul - aug - sep - okt - nov - dec

Anagrams

• arm, ram

Torres Strait Creole

Noun

mar

1. (western dialect) a person's shadow

Synonyms

• mari (eastern dialect)

Venetian

Etymology

From Latin mare, from Proto-Indo-European *móri. Compare Italian mare.

Noun

mar m (plural mari)

1. sea

West Frisian

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

mar

1. only, solely

Further reading

• “mar (II)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Conjunction

mar

1. but

Further reading

• “mar (II)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Noun

mar c (plural marren)

1. but

Further reading

• “mar (II)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Etymology 2

From Old Frisian mere, from Proto-West Germanic *mari,

Noun

mar c (plural marren, diminutive marke)

1. lake

Further reading

• “mar (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Wolof

Noun

mar

1. thirst

Zazaki

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?m??]
• Hyphenation: mar

Etymology

Related to Persian ???? (m?r)

Noun

mar m

1. (zoology) snake

mar f

1. (family) mother (specification)

English

Etymology

From Middle English gouge (“chisel with concave blade; gouge”), from Old French gouge, goi (“gouge”), from Late Latin goia, gubia, gulbia (“chisel; piercer”), borrowed from Gaulish *gulbi?, from Proto-Celtic *gulb?, *gulbi, *gulb?nos (“beak, bill”). The English word is cognate with Italian gorbia, gubbia (“ferrule”), Old Breton golb, Old Irish gulba (“beak”), Portuguese goiva, Scottish Gaelic gilb (“chisel”), Spanish gubia (“chisel, gouge”), Welsh gylf (“beak; pointed instrument”), gylyf (“sickle”).

The verb is derived from the noun.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?a?d?/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?a?d?/
• Rhymes: -a?d??

Noun

gouge (countable and uncountable, plural gouges)

1. Senses relating to cutting tools.
   1. A chisel with a curved blade for cutting or scooping channels, grooves, or holes in wood, stone, etc.
   2. A bookbinder's tool with a curved face, used for blind tooling or gilding.
   3. An incising tool that cuts blanks or forms for envelopes, gloves, etc., from leather, paper, or other materials.
2. A cut or groove, as left by a gouge or something sharp.
3. (originally US, colloquial) An act of gouging.
4. (slang) A cheat, a fraud; an imposition.

   Synonym: swindle

5. (slang) An impostor.
6. (mining) Soft material lying between the wall of a vein and the solid vein of ore.
7. (US, military, slang, uncountable) Information.
   • 2005, Jay A. Stout, To Be a U.S. Naval Aviator (page 63)

     As all naval aviators have learned at one time or another in their careers, “There's plenty of bad gouge out there," and it has, does, and will get the unwary fliers in trouble.

   • 2013, Douglas Waller, Air Warriors: The Inside Story of the Making of a Navy Pilot (page 89)

     The Marines and “Coasties” (the nickname for Coast Guard students) were reputed to have good gouge on each class's test. Rumor had it that the Marines had inside information on the questions for the next day's FRR test, […]

Derived terms

• fault gouge
• gouge bit

Translations

Verb

gouge (third-person singular simple present gouges, present participle gouging, simple past and past participle gouged)

1. (transitive) To make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping with or as if with a gouge.

   Synonyms: engrave, grave, incise
2. (transitive) To cheat or impose upon; in particular, to charge an unfairly or unreasonably high price.

   Synonyms: defraud, swindle
3. (transitive, intransitive) To dig or scoop (something) out with or as if with a gouge; in particular, to use a thumb to push or try to push the eye (of a person) out of its socket.
4. (intransitive) To use a gouge.

Derived terms

• gouger
• gouging (noun)
• price gouging
• regouge

Translations

References

Further reading

• chisel – gouge on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• gouge (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “gouge”, in Online Etymology Dictionary

French

Etymology

Old French gouge, from Latin gulbia (Late Latin gubia), of Gaulish or Basque origins.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?u?/
• Rhymes: -u?

Noun

gouge f (plural gouges)

1. gouge (groove)
2. gouge (tool)
3. (obsolete) female servant
4. (archaic) prostitute
   • 1857, Charles Baudelaire, Bribes - Damnation,

     On peut les comparer encore à cette auberge, / Espoir des affamés, où cognent sur le tard, / Blessés, brisés, jurant, priant qu’on les héberge, / L’écolier, le prélat, la gouge et le soudard.

     They can also be compared to this inn, / Hope to the starved, where in the night knock, / Injured, broken, cursing, begging to be lodged, / The schoolboy, the prelate, the prostitute and the soldier.

Verb

gouge

1. first-person singular present indicative of gouger
2. third-person singular present indicative of gouger
3. first-person singular present subjunctive of gouger
4. third-person singular present subjunctive of gouger
5. second-person singular imperative of gouger

Further reading

• “gouge” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Old French

Etymology

From Late Latin gubia, from Latin gulbia.

Noun

gouge f (oblique plural gouges, nominative singular gouge, nominative plural gouges)

1. gouge (tool)
2. (chiefly derogatory) woman

Descendants

• English: gouge
• French: gouge

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (gouge, supplement)