different between malleus vs ossicle

English

Etymology

From Latin malleus (“hammer, mallet”). Doublet of maul.

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /?mæl.i.?s/
• Rhymes: -æli?s

Noun

malleus (plural mallei)

1. (anatomy) The small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear.

   A fracture of the malleus handle is a rare traumatic middle ear lesion.

   • 2010, Elaine N. Marieb & Katja Hoehn, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8th edition, page 576

     The tympanic cavity is spanned by the three smallest bones in the body: the auditory ossicles […] These bones, named for their shape, are the malleus (mal?e-us; "hammer"); the incus (ing?kus; "anvil"); and the stapes (sta?p?z; "stirrup"). The "handle" of the malleus is secured to the eardrum, and the base of the stapes fits into the oval window.

2. (ichthyology) The tripus (ossicle in cypriniform fishes).
3. (zoology) One of the paired calcareous structures within the mastax of rotifers.
   • 1884, Hudson, C.T., Memoirs: An Attempt to re-classify the Rotifers in Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 1884 s2-24, pages 335-356:

     […] in the typical mastax of a Brachionus there are two hammer-like bodies (mallei), which work on a kind of split anvil (incus); [...] each malleus consists of an upper part or head (uncus) and a lower or handle (manubrium);

Synonyms

• (bone of the middle ear): hammer
• (tripus): malleus Weberi, tripus

Hypernyms

• (bone of the middle ear): auditory ossicle, auditory bone, otic bone, ossicle

Derived terms

• malleal
• mallear

Translations

References

• The Century Dictionary Online
• Dictionary of Ichthyology, Brian W. Coad and Don E. McAllister
• A Dictionary of Scientific Terms, Henderson I. F., Henderson W. D., BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2009, ?ISBN, ?ISBN, page 174

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *melh?-no-, from *melh?- (“to grind, crush”), whence also mol? (“I grind”). Compare similar semantic development from the same Proto-Indo-European root in Old Church Slavonic ????? (mlat?, “hammer”), beside the verb ????? (ml?ti, “grind”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?mal.le.us/, [?mäl??e?s?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?mal.le.us/, [?m?l??us]

Noun

malleus m (genitive malle?); second declension

1. hammer, mallet
2. a disease of animals
3. (New Latin) the malleus, a small bone in the middle ear
   • 1794, Gulielmo Rowley, Schola Medicinæ Universalis Nova, pars prior, page ix

     Chorda tympani—O??icula quatuor auditus, 267—Malleus—Incus—O??iculum ?ubrotundum ovale—Stapes […]

     Chorda tympani—four auditory ossicles, 267—malleus—incus—subrotund oval ossicle—stapes […]

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Synonyms

• martellus (Medieval Latin)

Derived terms

• malle?
• malleolus

Descendants

References

• malleus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• malleus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• malleus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• malleus in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• malleus in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

English

Etymology

Late 16th century, from Latin ossiculum (“little bone, ossicle”) from os (“bone”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??s?k?l/

Noun

ossicle (plural ossicles)

1. (anatomy) A small bone (or bony structure), especially one of the three of the middle ear.

   The incus is one of the three auditory ossicles.

   • 1836, William Buckland, Geology and Mineralogy, Considered with Reference to Natural Theology, vol. 1, William Pickering, p. 174:

     The eyeballs were surrounded by a ring of bones, the sclerotic ossicle, which probably protected their eyes when diving abruptly for prey.

2. (zoology) Bone-like joint or plate, especially:
   1. one of numerous small calcareous structures forming the skeleton of certain echinoderms, as the starfishes;
   2. one of the hard articuli or joints of the stem or branches of a crinoid or encrinite;
   3. one of the several small hard chitinous parts or processes of the gastric skeleton of crustaceans, as in the stomach of a lobster or crawfish.
   4. The skeleton of echinoderms is made of ossicles, linked to each other via muscles and connective tissue.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Related terms

See os.

Translations

See also

• bone
• incus
• malleus
• stapes

Anagrams

• loessic, scolies

Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /u?si.kl?/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /o?si.kle/

Noun

ossicle m (plural ossicles)

1. ossicle (small bone)