different between liber vs liberalise

English

Etymology

From Latin liber (“the inner bark of a tree”). See libel.

Noun

liber (countable and uncountable, plural libers)

1. (botany) The inner bark of plants, next to the wood. It usually contains a large proportion of woody, fibrous cells, and is the part from which the fibre of the plant is obtained, as that of hemp, etc.

Related terms

• libro-

Anagrams

• Erbil, birle, libre

Czech

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?l?b?r/

Noun

liber

1. genitive plural of libra

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?l?b?r/

Noun

liber

1. genitive plural of libero

French

Etymology

From Latin liber (“book; the inner bark of a tree”). Doublet of livre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /li.b??/

Noun

liber m (plural libers)

1. bast (of a tree)
2. book

Related terms

• librairie
• libro-
• livro-

Further reading

• “liber” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• libre

Latin

Etymology 1

From Old Latin loeber, from Proto-Italic *louðeros, from Proto-Indo-European *h?léwd?eros, from *h?lewd?- (“people”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ????????? (eleútheros), Sanskrit ????? (ródhati), Dutch lieden, German Leute, Russian ????? (ljúdi, “people”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?li?.ber/, [?li?b?r]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?li.ber/, [?li?b?r]

Adjective

l?ber (feminine l?bera, neuter l?berum, comparative l?berior, superlative l?berrimus, adverb l?ber?); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)

2. free, independent, unrestricted, unchecked
   • [65 AD, [w:Seneca the Younger|Seneca Minor]], Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium, Epistula XCII

     Nemo liber est qui corpori servit.

     No one is free who is a slave to his body.

   • Captivi ("the captives") by Plautus (English and Latin text)

     Haud istuc rogo. Fuistin liber? - Fui.

     That isn’t what I’m asking about. Were you a freeman? - I was.

3. open (not decided or settled)
4. unbiased (pertains to lawyers)
5. exempt, void

Declension

First/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er).

• Genitive plural sometimes l?berum

Derived terms

Descendants

Noun

l?ber m (genitive l?ber?); second declension

1. (post-Classical) a child

Declension

Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -er).

Usage notes

Until the post-classical era, this word was a pluralia tantum (only used in the plural). Even in the post-classical era, the singular was extremely rare in writing and for the most part, only found in the Code of Justinian. In the classical era, it seems it was used in the singular in Quintilian's Declamationes maiores 2.8.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Italic *lu?ros, from Proto-Indo-European *lub?-ró-s, from *lewb?- (“to peel, cut off, harm”), perhaps from *lew- (“to cut off”). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic ???? (lub?, “bark of a tree”), Lithuanian lùpti (“to peel, to shell”). See also English leaf, lobby, lodge, Ancient Greek ???? (lup?, “pain”).

Alternative forms

• lib., l.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?li.ber/, [?l?b?r]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?li.ber/, [?li?b?r]

Noun

liber m (genitive libr?); second declension

2. book
4. the inner bark of a tree

Declension

Second-declension noun (nominative singular in -er).

Derived terms

• libellus
• libr?rius
• librarium

Descendants

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the main entry.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?li?.ber/, [?li?b?r]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?li.ber/, [?li?b?r]

Verb

l?ber

1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of l?b?

References

• l?ber, adj. in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• l?ber, n. in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• liber in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• liber in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
• liber in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• liber in Samuel Ball Platner (1929) , Thomas Ashby, editor, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, London: Oxford University Press
• liber in William Smith, editor (1848) A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
• liber in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin liber, French libre (19th century). Aromanian libir appears to be inherited.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?li.ber/

Adjective

liber m or n (feminine singular liber?, masculine plural liberi, feminine and neuter plural libere)

1. free, at liberty

Declension

Synonyms

• slobod

Related terms

• elibera
• libera

English

Verb

liberalise (third-person singular simple present liberalises, present participle liberalising, simple past and past participle liberalised)

1. (British spelling) Alternative spelling of liberalize

Derived terms

• liberalisation