different between level vs top
level
English
Etymology
From Middle English level, from Old French livel, liveau m, later nivel, niveau, from Latin libella f (“a balance, a level”), diminutive of libra f (“a balance, a level”); see libra, librate.
The verb is from Middle English levelen, from the noun.
Pronunciation
- (UK, US) IPA(key): /?l?v.?l/
- Rhymes: -?v?l
- Hyphenation: lev?el
Adjective
level (comparative leveler or leveller, superlative levelest or levellest)
- The same height at all places; parallel to a flat ground.
- At the same height as some reference; constructed as level with.
- Unvaried in frequency.
- Unvaried in volume.
- Calm.
- In the same position or rank.
- Straightforward; direct; clear.
- 1873, Matthew Arnold, Literature and Dogma
- a very plain and level account
- 1873, Matthew Arnold, Literature and Dogma
- Well balanced; even; just; steady; impartial.
- (phonetics) Of even tone; without rising or falling inflection; monotonic.
- 1891, Henry Sweet, A History of English Sounds from the Earliest Period
- Intonation or tone is either level, rising, or falling, marked respectively
- 1891, Henry Sweet, A History of English Sounds from the Earliest Period
- (physics) Perpendicular to a gravitational force.
Antonyms
- tilted
- unbalanced
- uneven
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
Noun
level (countable and uncountable, plural levels)
- A tool for finding whether a surface is level, or for creating a horizontal or vertical line of reference.
- A distance relative to a given reference elevation.
- Degree or amount.
- Achievement or qualification.
- (computer science) Distance from the root node of a tree structure.
- (video games) One of several discrete segments of a game, generally increasing in difficulty and representing different locations in the game world.
- Synonyms: stage, zone, world
- (role-playing games, video games) A numeric value that quantifies a character, ability, or item's experience and power.
- A floor of a multi-storey building.
- (Britain) An area of almost perfectly flat land.
- 1820, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Oedipus Tyrannus; Or, Swellfoot The Tyrant: A Tragedy in Two Acts:
- The troops grow mutinous—the revenue fails—
There’s something rotten in us—for the level
Of the State slopes, its very bases topple,
The boldest turn their backs upon themselves!
- The troops grow mutinous—the revenue fails—
- 1820, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Oedipus Tyrannus; Or, Swellfoot The Tyrant: A Tragedy in Two Acts:
- (Singapore, education) A school grade or year.
Hyponyms
Related terms
Descendants
- ? German: Level
- ? Irish: leibhéal
- ? Japanese: ??? (reberu)
Translations
See also
- Wikipedia article on newsgroup posting style
Verb
level (third-person singular simple present levels, present participle (US) leveling or levelling, simple past and past participle (US) leveled or levelled)
- To adjust so as to make as flat or perpendicular to the ground as possible.
- To destroy by reducing to ground level; to raze.
- He levels mountains and he raises plains.
- (role-playing games, video games) To progress to the next level.
- To aim or direct (a weapon, a stare, an accusation, etc).
- 1592, John Stow, The Annales of England
- Bertram de Gordon, standing on the castle wall, levelled a quarrel out of a crossbow.
- 1592, John Stow, The Annales of England
- To direct or impose (a penalty, fine, etc) at or upon (someone).
- 1809, William Ross (Jr.), Abridgement of the laws of Scotland relating to hunting [etc], page 60:
- If the right of killing salmon belong exclusively to the King, and consequently to his donatories, why has not the Legislature secured the right by levelling penalties against such as should encroach upon it [...] ?
- 1978, Parliamentary Debates of the New Zealand House of Representatives, page 4955:
- How can the Minister reconcile the first statement with the clause, when he is in fact levelling punishment at the woman and not at the errant father [...] ?
- 1995, The Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) of the [Great British] House of Lords:
- There is no purpose in levelling fines because they would be merely paid from the £1.8 billion which the BBC collects.
- 2007, Mary Jacoby, EU investigators endorse charges against Intel, Wall Street Journal Europe, 17 January, page 32, column 5:
- Ultimately, Ms. Kroes [European Union Antitrust Commissioner] could level a fine and order Intel to change its business practices.
- 1809, William Ross (Jr.), Abridgement of the laws of Scotland relating to hunting [etc], page 60:
- (sports) To make the score of a game equal.
- (figuratively) To bring to a common level or plane, in respect of rank, condition, character, privilege, etc.
- To adjust or adapt to a certain level.
- For all his mind on honour fixed is, / To which he levels all his purposes.
- (usually with "with") To speak honestly and openly with.
Derived terms
Translations
References
- level on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Further reading
- level in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- level in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
Indonesian
Etymology
From English level, from Middle English level, from Old French livel, liveau m, later nivel, niveau, from Latin libella f (“a balance, a level”), diminutive of libra f (“a balance, a level”)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?l?v?l]
- Hyphenation: lè?vêl
Noun
level (first-person possessive levelku, second-person possessive levelmu, third-person possessive levelnya)
- (colloquial) level.
- Synonyms: tingkatan, tataran, lapisan
Further reading
- “level” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.
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top
English
Etymology
From Middle English top, toppe, from Old English top (“top, highest part; summit; crest; tassel, tuft; (spinning) top, ball; a tuft or ball at the highest point of anything”), from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“braid, pigtail, end”), of unknown origin.
Cognate with Scots tap (“top”), North Frisian top, tap, tup (“top”), Saterland Frisian Top (“top”), West Frisian top (“top”), Dutch top (“top, summit, peak”), Low German Topp (“top”), German Zopf (“braid, pigtail, plait, top”), Swedish topp (“top, peak, summit, tip”), Icelandic toppur (“top”).
The sense of a spinning toy is separated from this, obscurely related to Dutch top and dop in this sense, against Standard Dutch tol, and French toupie having this sense.
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /t?p/, [t???p]
- (General American) IPA(key): /t?p/, [t???p]
- Rhymes: -?p
Noun
top (countable and uncountable, plural tops)
- The highest or uppermost part of something.
- Synonyms: peak, summit, overside
- Antonyms: bottom, base, underside
- (irrespective of present orientation) the part of something that is usually the top.
- The uppermost part of a page, picture, viewing screen, etc.
- Synonym: (of a page) head
- Antonym: (of a page) foot
- A lid, cap or cover of a container.
- Synonyms: cap, coverlid
- A garment worn to cover the torso.
- Antonym: bottom
- A framework at the top of a ship's mast to which rigging is attached.
- (baseball) The first half of an inning, during which the home team fields and the visiting team bats.
- (archaic) The crown of the head, or the hair upon it; the head.
- A child’s spinning toy; a spinning top.
- (heading) Someone who is eminent.
- (archaic) The chief person; the most prominent one.
- The highest rank; the most honourable position; the utmost attainable place.
- (archaic) The chief person; the most prominent one.
- (BDSM) A dominant partner in a BDSM relationship or roleplay.
- Synonyms: (usually male) dom, (female) domme
- Antonyms: bottom, sub
- (gay slang) A man penetrating or with a preference for penetrating during homosexual intercourse.
- (slang, African-American Vernacular, MLE) Oral stimulation to the male member, a blowjob.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:oral sex
- (particle physics) A top quark.
- Hypernym: flavor
- The utmost degree; the acme; the summit.
- June 18 1714, Alexander Pope, letter to Jonathan Swift
- The top of my own ambition is to contribute to that work.
- June 18 1714, Alexander Pope, letter to Jonathan Swift
- (ropemaking) A plug, or conical block of wood, with longitudinal grooves on its surface, in which the strands of the rope slide in the process of twisting.
- (sound) Highest pitch or loudest volume.
- (wool manufacture) A bundle or ball of slivers of combed wool, from which the noils, or dust, have been taken out.
- (obsolete, except in one sense of phrase on top of) Eve; verge; point.
- Hee was upon the top of his marriage with Magdalaine.
- The part of a cut gem between the girdle, or circumference, and the table, or flat upper surface.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Knight to this entry?)
- (in the plural, slang, dated) Topboots.
- (golf) A stroke on the top of the ball.
- (golf) A forward spin given to the ball by hitting it on or near the top.
- (in restaurants, preceded by a number) (A table at which there is, or which has enough seats for) a group of a specified number of people eating at a restaurant.
Derived terms
Translations
Verb
top (third-person singular simple present tops, present participle topping, simple past and past participle topped)
- To cover on the top or with a top.
- To excel, to surpass, to beat.
- Synonyms: beat, better, best, exceed; see also Thesaurus:exceed
- To be in the lead, to be at number one position (of).
- 2013, Phil McNulty, "[9]", BBC Sport, 26 December 2013:
- Liverpool topped the table on Christmas Day and, after Arsenal's win at West Ham earlier on Boxing Day, would have returned to the top had they been the first team to beat City at home this season.
- 2013, Phil McNulty, "[9]", BBC Sport, 26 December 2013:
- To cut or remove the top (as of a tree)
- (Britain, slang, reflexive) To commit suicide.
- (Britain, slang, rare) To murder.
- Synonyms: kill, murder, slaughter, slay; see also Thesaurus:kill
- (BDSM) To be the dominant partner in a BDSM relationship or roleplay.
- (gay slang, transitive, intransitive) To anally penetrate in gay sex.
- (archaic) To rise aloft; to be eminent; to tower.
- 1713, William Derham, Physico-Theology
- lofty and topping mountains
- , Book II, Chapter XXI
- influenced by that topping uneasiness
- 1713, William Derham, Physico-Theology
- (archaic) To excel; to rise above others.
- (nautical) To raise one end of (a yard, etc.), making it higher than the other.
- (dyeing) To cover with another dye.
- To put a stiffening piece or back on (a saw blade).
- (slang, dated) To arrange (fruit, etc.) with the best on top.
- (of a horse) To strike the top of (an obstacle) with the hind feet while jumping, so as to gain new impetus.
- To improve (domestic animals, especially sheep) by crossing certain individuals or breeds with other superior breeds.
- To cut, break, or otherwise take off the top of (a steel ingot) to remove unsound metal.
- (golf) To strike (the ball) above the centre; also, to make (a stroke, etc.) by hitting the ball in this way.
Derived terms
- (kill): top oneself
- untopped
Translations
Adjective
top (not comparable)
- Situated on the top of something.
- (informal) Best; of the highest quality or rank.
- (informal) Very good, of high quality, power, or rank.
Related terms
Translations
Adverb
top (not comparable)
- Rated first.
Synonyms
- first
See also
- topple
Anagrams
- OPT, OPt, OTP, PTO, TPO, oPt, opt, opt., pot
Albanian
Etymology
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ???? (top).
Noun
top m (indefinite plural tope, definite singular topi, definite plural topet)
- ball
- (in the plural) slang for testicles
Inflection
Azerbaijani
Etymology
Cognate with Turkish top.
Noun
top (definite accusative topu, plural toplar)
- ball
- cannon
- (chess) rook
Declension
Derived terms
- topçu (“cannoneer”)
See also
Baure
Noun
top
- fog
Crimean Tatar
Noun
top
- ball
- lump
- cannon
Declension
Derived terms
- babaytop
- topla?uv
- topçu
- top qunda??
References
- Mirjejev, V. A.; Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajins?ko-kryms?kotatars?kyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]?[11], Simferopol: Dolya, ?ISBN
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?top]
Verb
top
- second-person singular imperative of topit
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse toppr, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz.
Noun
top c (singular definite toppen, plural indefinite toppe)
- summit, peak
- hairpiece
- top (uppermost part, lid, cap, cover, garment worn to cover the torso, child’s spinning toy)
Inflection
Derived terms
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch top, topp, from Old Dutch and Frankish *topp, *top, from Proto-West Germanic *topp.
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -?p
Adjective
top
- (colloquial) great, very good
Derived terms
- (prefix): top-
Noun
top m (plural toppen, diminutive topje n)
- top (uppermost part)
- (figuratively) apex
- summit, peak (high point of a mountain)
- summit, assembly
- top (piece of women's clothing)
Antonyms
- bodem
Derived terms
- bergtop
- vingertop
- toppunt
Verb
top
- (denominal) first-person singular present indicative of toppen
Anagrams
- pot
French
Etymology
Borrowed from English top.
Pronunciation
Noun
top m (plural tops)
- top; shirt or garment covering the upper body
- a signalling sound; beep
Adjective
top (feminine singular toppe, masculine plural tops, feminine plural toppes)
- top; best; highest in rank; maximum
- excellent; brilliant
- (LGBT, slang) top (dominant in role)
Synonyms
- (dominant): actif
Antonyms
- bottom
Adverb
top
- at most; maximum
Italian
Etymology
Borrowed from English top.
Noun
top m (invariable)
- (woman's dressing, garment) top
Latvian
Verb
top
- 3rd person singular present indicative form of tapt
- 3rd person plural present indicative form of tapt
- (with the particle lai) 3rd person singular imperative form of tapt
- (with the particle lai) 3rd person plural imperative form of tapt
Middle English
Alternative forms
- toppe, topp, tope, toop
Etymology
From Old English topp, toppa, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t?p/, /t??p/
Noun
top (plural toppes)
- The summit or top of something, especially a vertical object:
- The peak of a mountain or other landform.
- The roof or ceil of a house; the top of a fence.
- A lid or cap; a removable top or topping.
- The head, especially its top or the hair on its top.
- A small deck at the dop of a ship's sails.
- A cluster or bunch of fibres; a tassel.
- A top or whirligig (spinning toy)
- The start or introduction of something.
- (rare) The tip or end of something; that which something terminates in.
Derived terms
- toppen
- toppyng
Descendants
- English: top
- ? French: top
- ? German: Top
- ? Vietnamese: t?p
- Scots: tap
References
- “top, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-08-12.
- “top, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-08-12.
Mopan Maya
Adverb
top
- very
References
- Hofling, Charles Andrew (2011). Mopan Maya–Spanish–English Dictionary, University of Utah Press.
Northern Kurdish
Noun
top f
- ball (object, generally spherical, used for playing games)
- cannon
Old French
Alternative forms
- tup, tupe, tope, toup
Etymology
From Frankish *topp.
Noun
top m (oblique plural tos, nominative singular tos, nominative plural top)
- hair on top of one's head, forelock
- top, highest point
- tuft of flax placed on distaff
- top (ship)
Descendants
- ? Galician: tope
- ? Spanish: tope
- ? Portuguese: topo
- ? Old French: toupet, topet
- ? Old Portuguese: topete
- Galician: topete
- Portuguese: topete
- Middle French: toupet
- French: toupet (see there for further descendants)
- Norman: toupet, tupé
- ? Middle English: topet
- ? Old Portuguese: topete
- ?? Old French: topoie, toupie, tourpe, tourpie
- Middle French: toupie
- French: toupie
- Middle French: toupie
References
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (top)
- tup on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t?p/
Etymology 1
From English top, from Middle English top, toppe, from Old English top (“top, highest part; summit; crest; tassel, tuft; (spinning) top, ball; a tuft or ball at the highest point of anything”), from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“braid, pigtail, end”), from Proto-Indo-European *dumb- (“tail, rod, staff, penis”).
Noun
top m inan
- (nautical) nautical top (the upper end of a mast)
- top (garment worn to cover the torso)
Declension
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
Verb
top
- second-person singular imperative of topi?
Further reading
- top in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
Etymology
Borrowed from English top.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /?t?.pi/
- Homophone: tope
Adjective
top (invariable, comparable)
- (slang) cool, awesome
- (slang) top, excellent, high-quality
- Synonym: top de linha
Derived terms
- topzeira
Noun
top m (plural tops)
- top (garment worn to cover the torso)
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ???? (top).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tôp/
Noun
t?p m (Cyrillic spelling ????)
- cannon
- (chess) rook
Declension
See also
Slovene
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *t?p?.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t??p/
Adjective
t?p (comparative b?lj t?p, superlative n?jbolj t?p)
- blunt
Inflection
This adjective needs an inflection-table template.
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ???? (top).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t??p/
Noun
t?p m inan
- cannon
Inflection
Further reading
- “top”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Spanish
Etymology
Borrowed from English top.
Noun
top m (plural tops)
- top (first positions of a ranking)
- top (female clothing)
Adjective
top (plural tops)
- (proscribed) top (situated on the top of something)
- Synonym: mejor
- (proscribed) top (best; of the highest quality or rank)
- Synonym: el mejor
- (proscribed) top (very good, of high quality)
- Synonym: muy bueno
References
- “top” in Diccionario panhispánico de dudas, primera edición, Real Academia Española, 2005.
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish ???? (top), from Proto-Turkic *top (“round thing”).
Noun
top (definite accusative topu, plural toplar)
- ball
- cannon
- (slang) gay
Declension
References
Volapük
Etymology
Borrowed from Ancient Greek ????? (tópos, “place”).
Noun
top (nominative plural tops)
- place
Declension
Related terms
- topäd
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