different between leaven vs barm

English

Etymology

From Middle English levayn, borrowed from Old French, from Late Latin lev?men, instead of lev?mentum, ultimately from Latin lev? (“I raise”).

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /?l?v.?n/
• Rhymes: -?v?n

Noun

leaven (countable and uncountable, plural leavens)

1. Any agent used to make dough rise or to have a similar effect on baked goods.
2. (figuratively) Anything that induces change, especially a corrupting or vitiating change.

   • Take heed, beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, and of the leaven of Herod.

Synonyms

• (any agent used to make dough rise): leavening agent, raising agent

Hypernyms

• (any agent used to make dough rise): agent, substance

Hyponyms

• (any agent used to make dough rise): baking powder, yeast

Derived terms

• leavenless
• natural leaven

Translations

Verb

leaven (third-person singular simple present leavens, present participle leavening, simple past and past participle leavened)

1. (transitive) To add a leavening agent.
2. (transitive) To cause to rise by fermentation.
3. (transitive, figuratively) To temper an action or decision.
4. (transitive, figuratively) To imbue; to infect; to vitiate.
   • 1649, John Milton, Eikonoklastes, London: 1756, p. 30,^[1]

     With these and the like deceivable doctrines, he levens also his prayer.

   • 1716, Thomas Browne, Christian Morals, 2nd edition edited by Samuel Johnson, London: J. Payne, 1756, Part I, p. 7,^[2]

     […] pursue virtue virtuously: leven not good actions, nor render virtues disputable. Stain not fair acts with foul intentions […]

5. To rise or become larger. (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Alternative forms

• leven (obsolete)

Derived terms

• leavened
• leavening
• unleavened

Translations

See also

• yeast

West Frisian

Noun

leaven

1. plural of leaf

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /b??m/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /b??m/
• Rhymes: -??(?)m

Etymology 1

From Middle English barm, barme, berm, bearm, from Old English bearm (“lap; bosom”), from Proto-Germanic *barmaz (“lap; bosom”), from Proto-Indo-European *b?er- (“to bear”). Cognate with German Barm (“lap; bosom”).

Noun

barm (plural barms)

1. (obsolete outside dialects) Bosom, lap.

Etymology 2

From Middle English berme, berm, from Old English beorma, from Proto-West Germanic *berm? (“yeast; barm”); related to the dialectal Low German Bärm (“yeast”), from Middle Low German barm, berm. The cake sense is possibly a shortened form of barmcake, which would be made with yeast as described in that sense, or possibly it is from the Irish bairín breac, a type of bread.

Noun

barm (countable and uncountable, plural barms)

1. Foam rising upon beer, or other malt liquors, when fermenting, and used as leaven in making bread and in brewing; yeast.
   • 1590?, William Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Act II. scene i. line 25:

     ...and sometimes make the drink to bear no barm.

   • 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 4, p. 620:

     In 1577 yeast, called barm, is bought at 9d. the pail.

   • 1913, DH Lawrence, Sons and Lovers, Penguin 2006, p. 65:

     And he chaffed the women as he served them their ha'porths of barm.

2. A small, flat, round individual loaf or roll of bread.

Translations

Etymology 3

From Middle English bermen, from the noun (see above).

Verb

barm (third-person singular simple present barms, present participle barming, simple past and past participle barmed)

1. To spurge; foam

See also

Anagrams

• AMBR, Bram

Albanian

Alternative forms

• barmë

Etymology

A masculine variant of barmë

Noun

barm m

1. bast

Related terms

• bardhë
• berk

References

Cimbrian

Etymology

From Middle High German warm, from Old High German warm, from Proto-Germanic *warmaz (“warm”). Cognate with German warm, Dutch warm, English warm, Icelandic varmur.

Adjective

barm (comparative bérmor, superlative dar bérmorste)

1. (Luserna, Sette Comuni) warm, hot

Declension

References

• “barm” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
• “barm” in Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse baðmr (“bosom”).

Noun

barm c (singular definite barmen, plural indefinite barme)

1. bosom

Inflection

Etymology 2

From Old Norse barmr (“rim”).

Noun

barm c (singular definite barmen, plural indefinite barme)

1. (nautical, archaic) a corner of a sail

Inflection

Gothic

Romanization

barm

1. Romanization of ????????????????

Icelandic

Noun

barm

1. indefinite accusative singular of barmur

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English bearm, from Proto-Germanic *barmaz.

Alternative forms

• berm, berme, barme, bearm

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /barm/, /b?rm/

Noun

barm (plural barmes)

1. The lap (The portion of one's legs that lies flat while sitting)
   • Late 14th century: And with that word this faucon gan to crie / And swowned eft in Canacees barm. — Geoffrey Chaucer, ‘The Squire's Tale’, Canterbury Tales
2. chest, torso, abdomen
   • Late 14th century: [...] kisse hire child er that it deyde / And in hir barm this litel child she leyde. — Geoffrey Chaucer, ‘The Clerk's Tale’, Canterbury Tales
3. belly, stomach
4. (rare) A flat surface that serves as a resting-place.

Descendants

• English: barm
• Scots: berme, berm, barm

References

• “barm, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-06.

Etymology 2

From Old English beorma.

Noun

barm

1. Alternative form of berme (“yeast”)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse baðmr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /b?rm/

Noun

barm m (definite singular barmen, indefinite plural barmar, definite plural barmane)

1. a bosom

References

• “barm” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse baðmr (“bosom”).

Noun

barm c

1. bosom

Declension