different between last vs lasts

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: läst, IPA^(key): /l??st/
• (General American) enPR: l?st, IPA^(key): /læst/
• (Northern England) IPA^(key): /last/
• (Scotland) IPA^(key): /?ast/
• Rhymes: -??st, -æst

Etymology 1

From Middle English laste, latst, syncopated variant of latest.

Adjective

last (not comparable)

1. Final, ultimate, coming after all others of its kind.

2. Most recent, latest, last so far.

   .   (archaic usage)

3. Farthest of all from a given quality, character, or condition; most unlikely, or least preferable.

4. Being the only one remaining of its class.

5. Supreme; highest in degree; utmost.
   • 1802, Robert Hall, Reflections on War

     Contending for principles of the last importance.

6. Lowest in rank or degree.

Synonyms

• (final): at the end, caboose, dernier (dated), final, tail end, terminal, ultimate, lattermost
• (most recent): latest, most recent

Derived terms

Translations

Determiner

last

1. The (one) immediately before the present.

2. (of days of the week or months of the year) Closest in the past, or closest but one if the closest was very recent; of days, sometimes thought to specifically refer to the instance closest to seven days (one week) ago.

Usage notes

• (both senses): This cannot be used in past or future tense to refer to a time immediately before the subject matter. For example, one does not say I was very tired yesterday, due to not having slept well last night: last night in that sentence refers to the night before the speaker is speaking, not the night before the "yesterday" to which he refers. He would need to say I was very tired yesterday, due to not having slept well the night before or the like.

Translations

Adverb

last (not comparable)

1. Most recently.
2. (sequence) after everything else; finally

Synonyms

• (after everything else): finally, lastly; see also Thesaurus:lastly

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English lasten, from Old English l?stan, from Proto-Germanic *laistijan?. Cognate with German leisten (“yield”).

Verb

last (third-person singular simple present lasts, present participle lasting, simple past and past participle lasted)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To perform, carry out.
2. (intransitive) To endure, continue over time.

   • Thus the red damask curtains which now shut out the fog-laden, drizzling atmosphere of the Marylebone Road, had cost a mere song, and yet they might have been warranted to last another thirty years. A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor; […].

3. (intransitive) To hold out, continue undefeated or entire.

Synonyms

• continue
• endure
• survive

Antonyms

• disintegrate
• dissipate
• fall apart
• wear out

Related terms

• everlasting
• lasting

Translations

Etymology 3

From Old English læste, Proto-Germanic *laistiz. Compare Swedish läst, German Leisten.

Noun

last (plural lasts)

1. A tool for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes.
   • 2006, Newman, Cathy, Every Shoe Tells a Story, National Geographic (September, 2006), 83,

     How is an in-your-face black leather thigh-high lace-up boot with a four-inch spike heel like a man's black calf lace-up oxford? They are both made on a last, the wood or plastic foot-shaped form that leather is stretched over and shaped to make a shoe.

Derived terms

• cobbler, keep to your last

Translations

Verb

last (third-person singular simple present lasts, present participle lasting, simple past and past participle lasted)

1. To shape with a last; to fasten or fit to a last; to place smoothly on a last.

Etymology 4

From Middle English last, from Old English hlæst (“burden, load, freight”), from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz (“burden, load, freight”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleh?- (“to put, lay out”). Cognate with West Frisian lêst, Dutch last, German Last, Swedish last, Icelandic lest.

Noun

last (plural lasts or lasten)

1. (obsolete) A burden; load; a cargo; freight.
2. (obsolete) A measure of weight or quantity, varying in designation depending on the goods concerned.
   • 1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, in Kupperman 1988, page 114:

     Now we so quietly followed our businesse, that in three moneths wee made three or foure Last of Tarre, Pitch, and Sope ashes [...].

   • 1866, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 1, page 169,

     The last of wool is twelve sacks.

3. (obsolete) An old English (and Dutch) measure of the carrying capacity of a ship, equal to two tons.
   • 1942 (1601), T D Mutch, The First Discovery of Australia, page 14,

     The tonnage of the Duyfken of Harmensz's fleet is given as 25 and 30 lasten.

4. A load of some commodity with reference to its weight and commercial value.

Derived terms

• belast
• ballast

Translations

Further reading

• last at OneLook Dictionary Search
• last (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• last on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Alts, LTAs, SALT, Salt, TLAs, alts, lats, salt, slat

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /last/, [lasd?]

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German last.

Noun

last c (singular definite lasten, plural indefinite laster)

1. cargo
2. cargo hold, hold (cargo area)
3. weight, burden

Inflection

Synonyms

• (cargo): ladning
• (hold): lastrum

Etymology 2

From Old Norse l?str

Noun

last c (singular definite lasten, plural indefinite laster)

1. vice

Inflection

Etymology 3

See laste (“to load, carry”) and laste (“to blame”).

Verb

last

1. imperative of laste

Further reading

• last on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^da

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /l?st/
• Rhymes: -?st

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch last, from Old Dutch *last, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz.

Noun

last m (plural lasten, diminutive lastje n)

1. load, weight
2. burden
3. hindrance, problem
4. expense
5. (law) requirement, duty
6. (dated) A measure of volume, 3 cubic meter

Derived terms

• belasten
• lastdrager
• last hebben van
• lastpost
• ten laste leggen
• vaste last

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Verb

last

1. second- and third-person singular present indicative of lassen
2. (archaic) plural imperative of lassen

Anagrams

• stal

Estonian

Noun

last (genitive lasti, partitive lasti)

1. cargo

Declension

Noun

last

1. partitive singular of laps

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /last/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse l?str

Noun

last f (genitive singular lastar, plural lastir)

1. vice

Inflection

Etymology 2

From Middle Low German last.

Noun

last f (genitive singular lastar, plural lastir)

1. cargo
2. cargo hold, hold (cargo area)

Inflection

German

Pronunciation

Verb

last

1. second-person singular/plural preterite of lesen

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /last/
• Rhymes: -ast

Noun

last n (genitive singular lasts, no plural)

1. blame

Declension

Synonyms

• (blame): baktal

Derived terms

• guðlast (“blasphemy”)

Related terms

• lasta (“to blame”)

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *last, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz.

Noun

last m or f or n

1. load, weight
2. task, duty, obligation
3. tax (money)
4. (emotional) difficulty, sorrow
5. a unit of volume

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Dutch: last
• Limburgish: las

Further reading

• “last”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “last”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German last

Noun

last f or m (definite singular lasta or lasten, indefinite plural laster, definite plural lastene)

1. a load or cargo

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Verb

last

1. imperative of laste

References

• “last” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Middle Low German last

Noun

last f or m (definite singular lasta or lasten, indefinite plural laster or lastar, definite plural lastene or lastane)

1. a load or cargo

Derived terms

References

• “last” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *laistaz, along with the feminine variant l?st. Cognate with Middle Dutch leest (Dutch leest), Old High German leist (German Leist), Old Norse leistr (“foot, sock”) (Swedish läst, Danish læst).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /l??st/

Noun

l?st m (nominative plural l?stas)

1. footstep, track

Declension

Derived terms

• wræcl?st

Related terms

• l?stan

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *volst?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lá?st/

Noun

l?st f

1. property

Inflection

Swedish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Noun

last c

1. cargo
2. load; a burden
3. load; a certain amount that can be processed at one time
4. (engineering) load; a force on a structure
5. (electrical engineering) load; any component that draws current or power
6. habit which is difficult to get rid of, vice

   Rökning var hans enda last

Declension

Derived terms

See also

• (cargo): lasta, lastbil
• (habit): vana, ovana

Descendants

• ? Finnish: lasti

Anagrams

• lats, salt, stal, tals

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: lästs, IPA^(key): /l??sts/
• Rhymes: -??sts
• (General American) enPR: l?sts, IPA^(key): /læsts/
• Rhymes: -æsts
• (Northern England) IPA^(key): /lasts/
• Rhymes: -asts
• (Scotland) IPA^(key): /?asts/
• Rhymes: -asts

Noun

lasts

1. plural of last

Verb

lasts

1. Third-person singular simple present indicative form of last

Anagrams

• Salts, salts, slats

Danish

Noun

lasts c

1. indefinite genitive singular of last

Swedish

Noun

lasts

1. indefinite genitive singular of last

Anagrams

• salts, stals