different between language vs abu

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: l?ng?gw?j, IPA^(key): /?læ??w?d??/
  • (General American, Canada) IPA^(key): (see /æ/ raising) [?le???w?d??]
• Hyphenation: lan?guage

Etymology 1

From Middle English langage, language, from Old French language, from Vulgar Latin *lingu?ticum, from Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”), from Proto-Indo-European *dn???wéh?s (“tongue, speech, language”). Displaced native Old English ?eþ?ode.

Noun

language (countable and uncountable, plural languages)

1. (countable) A body of words, and set of methods of combining them (called a grammar), understood by a community and used as a form of communication.
   • 1867, Report on the Systems of Deaf-Mute Instruction pursued in Europe, quoted in 1983 in History of the College for the Deaf, 1857-1907 ?ISBN, page 240:

     Hence the natural language of the mute is, in schools of this class, suppressed as soon and as far as possible, and its existence as a language, capable of being made the reliable and precise vehicle for the widest range of thought, is ignored.
2. (uncountable) The ability to communicate using words.

3. (uncountable) A sublanguage: the slang of a particular community or jargon of a particular specialist field.
   • 1991, Stephen Fry, The Liar, p. 35:

     And ‘blubbing’... Blubbing went out with ‘decent’ and ‘ripping’. Mind you, not a bad new language to start up. Nineteen-twenties schoolboy slang could be due for a revival.

4. (countable, uncountable, figuratively) The expression of thought (the communication of meaning) in a specified way; that which communicates something, as language does.
   • 2001, Eugene C. Kennedy, Sara C. Charles, On Becoming a Counselor ?ISBN:

     A tale about themselves [is] told by people with help from the universal languages of their eyes, their hands, and even their shirting feet.
5. (countable, uncountable) A body of sounds, signs and/or signals by which animals communicate, and by which plants are sometimes also thought to communicate.
   • 1983, The Listener, volume 110, page 14:

     A more likely hypothesis was that the attacked leaves were transmitting some airborne chemical signal to sound the alarm, rather like insects sending out warnings […] But this is the first time that a plant-to-plant language has been detected.

   • 2009, Animals in Translation, page 274:

     Prairie dogs use their language to refer to real dangers in the real world, so it definitely has meaning.

6. (computing, countable) A computer language; a machine language.
   • 2015, Kent D. Lee, Foundations of Programming Languages ?ISBN, page 94

     In fact pointers are called references in these languages to distinguish them from pointers in languages like C and C++.

7. (uncountable) Manner of expression.
   • 1782, William Cowper, Hope

     Their language simple, as their manners meek, […]

8. (uncountable) The particular words used in a speech or a passage of text.

9. (uncountable) Profanity.

Synonyms

• (form of communication): see Thesaurus:language
• (vocabulary of a particular field): see Thesaurus:jargon
• (computer language): computer language, programming language, machine language
• (particular words used): see Thesaurus:wording

Hypernyms

• medium

Hyponyms

• See Category:en:Languages

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Verb

language (third-person singular simple present languages, present participle languaging, simple past and past participle languaged)

1. (rare, now nonstandard or technical) To communicate by language; to express in language.

   • Others were languaged in such doubtful expressions that they have a double sense.

See also

• bilingual
• lexis
• linguistics
• multilingual
• term
• trilingual
• word

Etymology 2

Alteration of languet.

Noun

language (plural languages)

1. A languet, a flat plate in or below the flue pipe of an organ.

References

• language at OneLook Dictionary Search
• language in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• language in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

French

Noun

language m (plural languages)

1. Archaic spelling of langage.

Middle English

Noun

language (plural languages)

1. Alternative form of langage

Middle French

Alternative forms

• langage
• langaige
• languaige

Etymology

From Old French language.

Noun

language m (plural languages)

1. language (style of communicating)

Related terms

• langue

Descendants

• French: langage
  • Haitian Creole: langaj
    • ? English: langaj
  • Mauritian Creole: langaz

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *lingu?ticum, from Classical Latin lingua (“tongue, language”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lan??ad???/

Noun

language f (oblique plural languages, nominative singular language, nominative plural languages)

1. language (style of communicating)

Related terms

• langue, lingue

Descendants

• ? Middle English: language
  • English: language
• Middle French: language
  • French: langage
    • Haitian Creole: langaj
      • ? English: langaj
    • Mauritian Creole: langaz
• ? Old Spanish: lenguage

Afar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??bu/
• Hyphenation: a?bu

Noun

ábu m 

1. maternal uncle (brother of one's mother)
2. maternal grandfather (father of one's mother)
3. male descendant of one's mother's tribe

Declension

References

• E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985) , “àbu”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, ?ISBN

Aribwatsa

Noun

abu

1. water bop

References

• Susanne Holzknecht, The Markham languages of Papua New Guinea (1989), page 71

Bakung

Etymology

From Proto-North Sarawak *abu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(q)abu(s), from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.

Noun

abu

1. ash (solid remains of a fire)

Baoule

Noun

abu

1. turtle

Casiguran Dumagat Agta

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *qabu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(q)abu(s), from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.

Noun

abú

1. ash (solid remains of a fire)

Gothic

Romanization

abu

1. Romanization of ????????????

Hausa

Noun

àbù m (feminine àb?, plural ab?buw??, possessed form àbin)

1. thing, object
2. matter, affair, situation
3. possession, property

Indonesian

Etymology 1

From Malay abu, from Classical Malay abu, from Proto-Malayic *(h)abu(s), from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *(h)abu(s), from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *(h)abu(s), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(q)abu(s), from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /abu/

Noun

abu (first-person possessive abuku, second-person possessive abumu, third-person possessive abunya)

1. ash (solid remains of a fire)
2. dust

   Synonym: debu

Verb

abu

1. to have defeat.

   Synonym: kalah

Synonyms

• (ash, dust) debu, duli

Affixed terms

Derived terms

• abu-abu
• berabu

Etymology 2

From Arabic ?????? (?ab?, “father”). Doublet of aba, abi, and abbas.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /abu/

Noun

abu (plural abu-abu, first-person possessive abuku, second-person possessive abumu, third-person possessive abunya)

1. father

   Synonyms: ayah, bapak

Further reading

• “abu” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Indonesian Index

Japanese

Romanization

abu

1. R?maji transcription of ??
2. R?maji transcription of ??

Kanakanabu

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *qabu.

Noun

abu

1. ash (solid remains of a fire)

Kapampangan

Etymology

From Proto-Philippine *qabu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(q)abu(s), from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.

Noun

abú

1. ash (solid remains of a fire)

Karelian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *apu.

Noun

abu (genitive avun, partitive abuu)

1. help

Derived terms

Latvian

Pronoun

abu

1. genitive plural masculine form of abi
2. genitive plural feminine form of abi

Lithuanian

Alternative forms

• abudu

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *abo? (“both”), alongside Latvian abi, Old Prussian ab?i and Proto-Slavic *oba. Frequently linked with Sanskrit ?? (ubhá-), Gothic ???????????? (bai). Due to the anlaut of these words a connection with Latin ambo (“both”) and Ancient Greek ???? (amphó, “both, facing”), from Proto-Indo-European *h?n?t-b?oh? (“on both sides”) has proven problematic. Cf. Proto-Indo-European *h?entí.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??b?/

Adverb

abù m (feminine abì) stress pattern 3

1. both

Declension

As with dù, dvì (“two”):

Derived terms

Further reading

• abu in Lietuvi? kalbos žodynas, lkz.lt

Ludian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *apu.

Noun

abu

1. help

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *habu, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *(h)abu(s), from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *(h)abu(s), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(q)abu(s), from Proto-Austronesian *qabu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /abu/
• Rhymes: -abu, -bu, -u

Noun

abu (Jawi spelling ????, plural abu-abu, informal 1st possessive abuku, impolite 2nd possessive abumu, 3rd possessive abunya)

1. ash (solid remains of a fire)

Synonyms

• debu / ????
• duli / ?????
• lebu / ????

Derived terms

• abu-abu / ?????
• berabu / ??????
• kelabu / ?????? (“grey”)
• mengabu / ??????

Descendants

Further reading

• “abu” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Nyishi

Etymology

From Proto-Tani *bo.

Noun

abu

1. father

Sakizaya

Noun

abu

1. ash

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *apu.

Noun

abu

1. help, assistance, aid

Inflection

Derived terms

• valdkundanabu

References

• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007) , “?????????, ??????, ??????????, ??????”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovar? [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Yakan

Noun

abu

1. ash

Yogad

Noun

abú

1. ash