different between kula vs kuna

English

Etymology 1

From a South Slavic language, from Turkish kule, from Persian ???? (qolle), from Arabic ??????? (qulla, “pinnacle, zenith”).

Noun

kula (plural kulas)

1. A tower, turret or steeple on the Balkans erected during the period of Ottoman domination on the area.
   • 1867, Georgina Mary Muir Mackenzie, Lady Georgina Mary Muir Sebright, Mackenzie Sebright, Adeline Paulina Irby, Travels in the Slavonic Provinces of Turkey-in-Europe, p. 107:

     Instead of the haïdooks, their next of kin, the zaptiés now hold a kula on the highest point of the pass; here one pauses to rest after scrambling up the vile Turkish road on one side of the ravine, and before scrambling down the vile Turkish road on the other.

   • 1998, Adil Zulfikarpaši?, Milovan Djilas, Nadežda Ga?e, The Bosniak, p.5:

     The most important kulas of the ?engi?-begs are those in Zagorje, in Rataji and the River Odžak near Ustikolina.

   • 1998, Miranda Vickers, Between Serb and Albanian, p. 111:

     The kulas were indeed like fortresses, with as many as twenty 'guns', ie. adult men ready to fight.

Etymology 2

Noun

kula (uncountable)

1. A ceremonial exchange system conducted in the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea, involving the exchange of bracelets and necklaces, and linked to political authority.

Anagrams

• Kalu, Luka, lauk

Cebuano

Noun

kula

1. glue; or any sticky adhesive substance

Noun

kula

Verb

kula

1. to glue; to join or attach something using glue

Hawaiian

Noun

kula

1. field, open area

2. school

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?kul?]
• Hyphenation: ku?la
• Rhymes: -l?

Noun

kula (plural kulák)

1. (slang) shit

Declension

Javanese

Pronoun

kula

1. (polite) I

Kashubian

Etymology

From Low German. Cognate to German Kule, Kuhle.

Noun

kula

1. hole

References

• Leon Biskupski, Beiträge zur slavischen Dialektologie. I. Die Sprache der Brodnitzer Kaschuben im Kreise Karthaus (West-Preußen). I. Heft. Die Lautlehre. Abteilung A. – Inaugural-Dissertation, Druck von Breitkopf & Härtel in Leipzig, p. 12

Lindu

Noun

kula

1. ginger

Malay

Etymology

From Javanese ??? (kula).

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /kul?/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /kula/
• Rhymes: -ul?, -l?, -?

Noun

kula (Jawi spelling ?????, plural kula-kula, informal 1st possessive kulaku, impolite 2nd possessive kulamu, 3rd possessive kulanya)

1. (Java) slave

Pronoun

kula (Jawi spelling ?????)

1. (Java, possibly obsolete) I (me, my)

Synonyms

• aku
• saya

Ngarrindjeri

Noun

kula

1. male she oak tree.

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• kulen

Noun

kula f

1. definite feminine singular of kule

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

kula f

1. definite singular of kule

Pali

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms

Noun

kula ?

1. clan, caste, family

Polish

Etymology

Apparently from a Germanic language. In most senses cognate with German Kugel, in the sense «crutch» cognate with German Keule.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ku.la/

Noun

kula f (diminutive kulka)

1. ball (spherical object)

2. (mathematics, geometry, topology) ball
3. bullet
4. crutch

5. (sports) shot (the heavy iron ball)

Declension

See also

• pi?ka f; k??bek m

Anagrams

• luka

Descendants

• ? Belarusian: ????? (kúlja)
• ? Russian: ????? (púlja) (with sound changes)
• ? Ukrainian: ????? (kúlja)

Further reading

• kula in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• kula in Polish dictionaries at PWN

References

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ???? (kulle) (Turkish kule), from Persian ???? (qolle), from Arabic ??????? (qulla, “pinnacle, zenith”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k??la/
• Hyphenation: ku?la

Noun

kúla f (Cyrillic spelling ?????)

1. tower
2. turret
3. steeple
4. castle
5. (chess) rook

Declension

Synonyms

• (tower): toranj

See also

Sidamo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?kula/

Verb

kula

1. (transitive) to tell

References

• Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 30

Sotho

Etymology

Cognate with Swahili -ugua.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Verb

kula

1. to be sick/ill

Swahili

Verb

kula (verbal noun of the ku class)

1. infinitive of -la

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse kúla (“lump, swelling”), with the meaning of "sphere" influenced by Middle Low German kule (“depression, bulge”).

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -²??la

Noun

kula c

1. a small ball made of earthenware, glass (marble) or a similar hard material; marble: spela kula; of steel in a ball bearing; sphere; testicle, often in the compound pungkula
2. bullet

3. (slang, chiefly in the plural) money

4. (heraldry) roundel

Declension

Derived terms

Tagalog

Verb

kula

1. to dry under the sun

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k??la/
• Hyphenation: ku?la

Noun

kula

1. accusative singular of kul

Zacatepec Chatino

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

kula

1. old

Etymology 2

From Proto-Chatino *kwela, from Proto-Zapotecan *kw-ella.

Noun

kula

1. fish

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

kula

1. star

English

Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian ????.

Noun

kuna (plural kunas)

1. the currency of Croatia, divided into 100 lipa

Translations

Anagrams

• Kuan, NKAU

Baagandji

Alternative forms

• guna

Etymology

From Proto-Karnic *kuna, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *kuna.

Noun

kuna

1. excrement, faeces, shit

References

• Barry Alpher, Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method (2004; edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Kochl published in Amsterdam and Philadelphia by the John Benjamins Publishing Company)

Chuukese

Verb

kuna

1. to see

Czech

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kuna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?kuna]

Noun

kuna f

1. marten
2. kuna (currency of Croatia)

Declension

Dieri

Etymology

From Proto-Karnic *kuna, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *kuna.

Noun

kuna

1. excrement, faeces, shit

References

• Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)

Esperanto

Etymology

From kun +? -a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?kuna/
• Hyphenation: kun?a
• Rhymes: -una

Adjective

kuna (accusative singular kunan, plural kunaj, accusative plural kunajn)

1. joint; combined

Estonian

Etymology

Derived from kui.

Conjunction

kuna

1. because

2. as, when, at the same time as

Synonyms

• sest

Adverb

kuna

1. (interrogative, colloquial) when

Synonyms

• kunas
• millal

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?kun?/, [?kun?]
• Rhymes: -un?
• Syllabification: ku?na

Etymology 1

Pronoun

kuna

1. (interrogative, archaic) Essive singular form of kuka.
2. (indefinite, archaic) Essive singular form of kuka.

Etymology 2

From Serbo-Croatian kuna.

Noun

kuna

1. kuna (currency of Croatia)

Declension

Anagrams

• akun, naku

French

Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian kuna.

Noun

kuna m or f (plural kunas)

1. kuna (currency of Croatia)

Usage notes

• Used as a masculine and a feminine noun interchangably

Hawaiian

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ku.na/, [?kun?]

Noun

kuna

1. A variety of freshwater eel.

References

• “kuna” in the Hawaiian Dictionary, Revised and Enlarged Edition, University of Hawaii Press, 1986

Indonesian

Etymology

From Javanese kuna (???).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?kuna/
• Hyphenation: ku?na

Adjective

kuna

1. Alternative spelling of kuno (“ancient”)

Italian

Noun

kuna f (plural kune)

1. kuna (currency of Croatia)

Lingala

Adverb

kuna

1. there

References

• “kuna” in Ekolongonelo ya Lingala: an introductory course, page 25

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kuna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?kuna]

Noun

kuna f

1. marten

Declension

Martuthunira

Etymology

From Proto-Ngayarda *kuna, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *kuna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kuna/

Noun

kuna

1. dung, poo, excrement, shit

References

• Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
• Dench, Alan Charles. 1995. Martuthunira: A Language of the Pilbara Region of Western Australia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. Series C-125.

Masbatenyo

Noun

kuna

1. crib; cradle

Ngiyambaa

Etymology

From Proto-Central New South Wales *guna?, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *kuna.

Noun

kuna

1. excrement, faeces, shit

References

• Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Serbo-Croatian kúna, ????? (“marten”).

Noun

kuna m (definite singular kunaen, indefinite plural kunaar or kunaer, definite plural kunaane or kunaene)

1. (numismatics) kuna

References

• “kuna” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Pitjantjatjara

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?k?n?]

Noun

kuna

1. excrement, dung
2. bowels

Derived terms

Pitta-Pitta

Etymology

From Proto-Karnic *kuna, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *kuna.

Noun

kuna

1. dung, poo, excrement, shit

Verb

kuna

1. (intransitive) to defecate

Derived terms

• kunakirra

References

• Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)

Polish

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kuna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ku.na/

Noun

kuna f

1. marten (mustelid of the genus Martes)
2. kuna (currency of Croatia)
3. (historical) jougs (chained iron collar)

   Synonym: kunica

Declension

Derived terms

• (adjective) kuni

Further reading

• kuna in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• kuna in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Noun

kuna m or f (in variation) (plural kunas)

1. kuna (currency of Croatia)

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• kn (abbreviation, currency)

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kuna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k??na/
• Hyphenation: ku?na

Noun

kúna f (Cyrillic spelling ?????)

1. marten
2. kuna (currency of Croatia)

Declension

References

• “kuna” in Hrvatski jezi?ni portal

Slovak

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kuna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?kuna/

Noun

kuna f (genitive singular kuny, nominative plural kuny, genitive plural kún, declension pattern of žena)

1. marten
2. kuna (currency of Croatia)

Declension

Further reading

• kuna in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kuna.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kù?na/

Noun

kúna f

1. marten
2. kuna (currency of Croatia)

Inflection

Further reading

• “kuna”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?kuna/, [?ku.na]

Noun

kuna f (plural kunas)

1. kuna

Swahili

Pronunciation

Verb

-kuna (infinitive kukuna)

1. to scrape, scratch
2. to grate, shred

Conjugation

Verb

kuna

1. inflection of -wa na:
   1. ku class subject inflected present affirmative
   2. ku locative class subject inflected present affirmative
      1. (in a distant or indefinite location): there is/are

Related terms

Upper Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kuna.

Noun

kuna f

1. marten

Declension

Veps

Etymology

Akin to Karelian kunne.

Adverb

kuna

1. to where, whither (interrogative)

Derived terms

References

• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007) , “????”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovar? [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Warlpiri

Etymology

From Proto-Ngayarda *kuna , from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *kuna.

Noun

kuna

1. excrement, dung

References

• Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)

Yukpa

Noun

kuna

1. water

References

• Sergio Meira, Primeras observaciones sobre la lengua yukpa (2005) (as kuna)
• The Languages of the Andes (2004, Willem F. H. Adelaar, Pieter C. Muysken) (as kúna)