different between kula vs kuli

English

Etymology 1

From a South Slavic language, from Turkish kule, from Persian ???? (qolle), from Arabic ??????? (qulla, “pinnacle, zenith”).

Noun

kula (plural kulas)

1. A tower, turret or steeple on the Balkans erected during the period of Ottoman domination on the area.
   • 1867, Georgina Mary Muir Mackenzie, Lady Georgina Mary Muir Sebright, Mackenzie Sebright, Adeline Paulina Irby, Travels in the Slavonic Provinces of Turkey-in-Europe, p. 107:

     Instead of the haïdooks, their next of kin, the zaptiés now hold a kula on the highest point of the pass; here one pauses to rest after scrambling up the vile Turkish road on one side of the ravine, and before scrambling down the vile Turkish road on the other.

   • 1998, Adil Zulfikarpaši?, Milovan Djilas, Nadežda Ga?e, The Bosniak, p.5:

     The most important kulas of the ?engi?-begs are those in Zagorje, in Rataji and the River Odžak near Ustikolina.

   • 1998, Miranda Vickers, Between Serb and Albanian, p. 111:

     The kulas were indeed like fortresses, with as many as twenty 'guns', ie. adult men ready to fight.

Etymology 2

Noun

kula (uncountable)

1. A ceremonial exchange system conducted in the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea, involving the exchange of bracelets and necklaces, and linked to political authority.

Anagrams

• Kalu, Luka, lauk

Cebuano

Noun

kula

1. glue; or any sticky adhesive substance

Noun

kula

Verb

kula

1. to glue; to join or attach something using glue

Hawaiian

Noun

kula

1. field, open area

2. school

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?kul?]
• Hyphenation: ku?la
• Rhymes: -l?

Noun

kula (plural kulák)

1. (slang) shit

Declension

Javanese

Pronoun

kula

1. (polite) I

Kashubian

Etymology

From Low German. Cognate to German Kule, Kuhle.

Noun

kula

1. hole

References

• Leon Biskupski, Beiträge zur slavischen Dialektologie. I. Die Sprache der Brodnitzer Kaschuben im Kreise Karthaus (West-Preußen). I. Heft. Die Lautlehre. Abteilung A. – Inaugural-Dissertation, Druck von Breitkopf & Härtel in Leipzig, p. 12

Lindu

Noun

kula

1. ginger

Malay

Etymology

From Javanese ??? (kula).

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /kul?/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /kula/
• Rhymes: -ul?, -l?, -?

Noun

kula (Jawi spelling ?????, plural kula-kula, informal 1st possessive kulaku, impolite 2nd possessive kulamu, 3rd possessive kulanya)

1. (Java) slave

Pronoun

kula (Jawi spelling ?????)

1. (Java, possibly obsolete) I (me, my)

Synonyms

• aku
• saya

Ngarrindjeri

Noun

kula

1. male she oak tree.

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• kulen

Noun

kula f

1. definite feminine singular of kule

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

kula f

1. definite singular of kule

Pali

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms

Noun

kula ?

1. clan, caste, family

Polish

Etymology

Apparently from a Germanic language. In most senses cognate with German Kugel, in the sense «crutch» cognate with German Keule.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ku.la/

Noun

kula f (diminutive kulka)

1. ball (spherical object)

2. (mathematics, geometry, topology) ball
3. bullet
4. crutch

5. (sports) shot (the heavy iron ball)

Declension

See also

• pi?ka f; k??bek m

Anagrams

• luka

Descendants

• ? Belarusian: ????? (kúlja)
• ? Russian: ????? (púlja) (with sound changes)
• ? Ukrainian: ????? (kúlja)

Further reading

• kula in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• kula in Polish dictionaries at PWN

References

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ???? (kulle) (Turkish kule), from Persian ???? (qolle), from Arabic ??????? (qulla, “pinnacle, zenith”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k??la/
• Hyphenation: ku?la

Noun

kúla f (Cyrillic spelling ?????)

1. tower
2. turret
3. steeple
4. castle
5. (chess) rook

Declension

Synonyms

• (tower): toranj

See also

Sidamo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?kula/

Verb

kula

1. (transitive) to tell

References

• Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 30

Sotho

Etymology

Cognate with Swahili -ugua.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Verb

kula

1. to be sick/ill

Swahili

Verb

kula (verbal noun of the ku class)

1. infinitive of -la

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse kúla (“lump, swelling”), with the meaning of "sphere" influenced by Middle Low German kule (“depression, bulge”).

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -²??la

Noun

kula c

1. a small ball made of earthenware, glass (marble) or a similar hard material; marble: spela kula; of steel in a ball bearing; sphere; testicle, often in the compound pungkula
2. bullet

3. (slang, chiefly in the plural) money

4. (heraldry) roundel

Declension

Derived terms

Tagalog

Verb

kula

1. to dry under the sun

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k??la/
• Hyphenation: ku?la

Noun

kula

1. accusative singular of kul

Zacatepec Chatino

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

kula

1. old

Etymology 2

From Proto-Chatino *kwela, from Proto-Zapotecan *kw-ella.

Noun

kula

1. fish

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

kula

1. star

English

Noun

kuli (plural kulis)

1. Archaic spelling of coolie.

Aiwoo

Etymology

Probably a Polynesian borrowing.

Noun

kuli

1. dog

References

• Ross, M. & Næss, Å. (2007) , “An Oceanic origin for Äiwoo, the language of the Reef Islands?”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 46, issue 2. Cited in: "Äiwoo" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.

Atong (India)

Alternative forms

• khuli

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kuli/

Verb

kuli- (Bengali script ????)

1. to open

References

• van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

Czech

Noun

kuli m

1. coolie (unskilled Asian worker)

Declension

Drehu

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kuli/

Noun

kuli

1. dog

References

• Tyron, D.T., Hackman, B. (1983) Solomon Islands languages: An internal classification. Cited in: "Dehu" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
• Leenhardt, M. (1946) Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie. Cited in: "?De’u" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.

Fijian

Etymology

From Proto-Central-Pacific *kuli, from Proto-Oceanic *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulit, from Proto-Austronesian *qaNiC.

Noun

kuli

1. skin (outer covering of the body of a person)

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?kuli/, [?kuli]
• Rhymes: -uli
• Syllabification: ku?li

Etymology 1

From Russian ???? (kul?).

Noun

kuli

1. (historical) an old Russian unit of weight, used for grain and equal to 9 poods or around 147.42 kilograms

   Synonyms: matto, jauhomatto

Declension

Etymology 2

From Hindi ????? (qul?), Urdu ????.

Noun

kuli

1. coolie

Declension

Anagrams

• ilku, kilu, luki

Hawaiian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *tuli, from Proto-Oceanic *tuli, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuli, from Proto-Austronesian *Culi.

Verb

kuli

1. (stative) to be deaf (not hearing)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Polynesian *turi, from Proto-Central Pacific *tur-i, from Proto-Oceanic *tur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuhud, from Proto-Austronesian *tuduS.

Noun

kuli

1. knee

References

• “kuli” in the Hawaiian Dictionary, Revised and Enlarged Edition, University of Hawaii Press, 1986

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?kuli]
• Hyphenation: ku?li
• Rhymes: -li

Noun

kuli (plural kulik)

1. coolie

Declension

Derived terms

• kulizik

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay kuli, from Hindi ????? (qul?), from Chagatai [Term?], ultimately from Proto-Turkic *k?le (“slave, servant”).

Other forms occur in Bengali [script needed] (kuli) and Tamil ???? (k?li, “daily hire”), which are possibly also influenced by Hindi ???? (kol?, “weaver; low-class”). The Chinese word ?? (k?lì), meaning "to exert one's abilities; heavy labour work" in Classical Chinese, may have been influenced by cognates of the above Hindi word in other languages and may have further influenced English.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?ku.li]
• Hyphenation: ku?li

Noun

kuli (first-person possessive kuliku, second-person possessive kulimu, third-person possessive kulinya)

1. laborer; coolie

   Synonyms: pekerja kasar, buruh kasar

Derived terms

Further reading

• “kuli” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Lindu

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulit, from Proto-Austronesian *kuliC.

Noun

kuli

1. (anatomy) skin

Ngarrindjeri

Noun

kuli

1. head

Polish

Alternative forms

• (genitive plural of kula) kul

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ku.l?i/

Verb

kuli

1. third-person plural virile past of ku?

Noun

kuli f

1. inflection of kula:
   1. genitive/dative/locative singular
   2. genitive plural

Slovak

Etymology

From Hindi ????? (qul?) / Urdu ???? (qul?, “hired laborer, slave”), from Turkish köle. Other forms occur in Bengali kuli and Tamil kuli, "daily hire." The Mandarin word ?? (k?lì), was originally a transcription of the Hindi, and literally means "bitterly hard (use of) strength".

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?kuli/
• Hyphenation: ku?li

Noun

kuli m (genitive singular kuliho, nominative plural kuliovia, genitive plural kuliov, declension pattern of kuli)

1. coolie

Declension

Further reading

• kuli in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk

Wolio

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulit, from Proto-Austronesian *kuliC.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kuli/

Noun

kuli

1. skin

References

• Anceaux, Johannes C. 1987. Wolio Dictionary (Wolio-English-Indonesian) / Kamus Bahasa Wolio (Wolio-Inggeris-Indonesia). Dordrecht: Foris.