different between koelie vs coolie
koelie
English
Etymology
Borrowed from Afrikaans koelie.
Noun
koelie (plural koelies)
- (South Africa) Alternative spelling of coolie
Afrikaans
Noun
koelie (plural [please provide])
- (offensive) An Indian (person from India or of Indian ancestry)
Dutch
Etymology
From Indonesian. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?ku.li/
- Hyphenation: koe?lie
Noun
koelie m (plural koelies, diminutive koelietje n)
- (historical) coolie (Asian manual worker) [from 17th c.]
- (derogatory, offensive) coolie (person of Indian or Indonesian background)
Descendants
- Afrikaans: koelie
- ? Sranan Tongo: kuli
See also
- Koelieordonnantie
koelie From the web:
coolie
English
Alternative forms
- cooly, kuli, quli, koelie, etc.
Etymology
From Hindi ????? (qul?) and Urdu ???? (qul?, “hired laborer”), possibly from Ottoman Turkish ???? (kul, “servant”). Another theory says that it is named after a Gujarati tribe or caste of that name. Other forms occur in Bengali ???? (kuli) and Tamil ???? (k?li, “daily hire”). Possibly also influenced by Hindi ???? (kol?, “weaver; low-class”).
Mandarin ?? (k?lì, “hard labor”) may have been influenced by cognates of the above Hindi word in other languages and may have further influenced English.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?ku?li/
- Rhymes: -u?li
Noun
coolie (plural coolies)
- (offensive) An unskilled Asian worker, usually of Chinese or Indian descent; a labourer; a porter. Coolies were frequently transported to other countries in the 19th and early 20th centuries as indentured labourers.
- 1992, Jan Breman, E. Valentine Daniel, Conclusion: The Maiking of a Coolie, E. Valentine Daniel, Henry Bernstein, Tom Brass (editors), Plantations, Proletarians, and Peasants in Colonial Asia, Frank Cass & Co., page 268,
- Coolie-identity is as much the product of self-perception as it is the construction of a category by those who did not belong to it. It is these constructions that historically constituted a coolie in the matrix of power relations which this essay seeks to partially comprehend.
- 2008, Lisa Yun, The Coolie Speaks: Chinese Indentured Laborers and African Slaves in Cuba, Temple University Press, page xix,
- Community histories did not necessarily feature the coolie, partly due to the fact that “coolie” is a classed term. Asian coolies were regarded as lowly laborers.
- 1992, Jan Breman, E. Valentine Daniel, Conclusion: The Maiking of a Coolie, E. Valentine Daniel, Henry Bernstein, Tom Brass (editors), Plantations, Proletarians, and Peasants in Colonial Asia, Frank Cass & Co., page 268,
- (offensive, Trinidad and Tobago, Caribbean, Guyana, Jamaican, South Africa and other parts of Africa) An Indian or a person of Indian descent.
Derived terms
- Coolie Christmas
- coolie hat
- coolie orange
Translations
Descendants
- ? Romanian: culi
References
- Yule, Henry and Burnell, A. C. (1886): Hobson-Jobson The Anglo-Indian Dictionary. Reprint: Ware, Hertfordshire. Wordsworth Editions Limited. 1996.
- Le grand dictionnaire Ricci de la langue chinoise, (2001), Vol. III, p. 833.
coolie From the web:
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