different between kind vs genus
kind
English
Pronunciation
- enPR: k?nd, IPA(key): /ka?nd/
- Rhymes: -a?nd
Etymology 1
From Middle English kynde, kunde, cunde, icunde, from Old English cynd (“generation, kind, nature, race”), ?ecynd, from Proto-Germanic *kundiz, *gakundiz, related to *kunj?. Cognate with Icelandic kind (“race, species, kind”). Doublet of gens, genesis, and jati. See also kin.
Alternative forms
- kinde, kynd, kynde (obsolete)
Noun
kind (plural kinds)
- A type, race or category; a group of entities that have common characteristics such that they may be grouped together.
- A makeshift or otherwise atypical specimen.
- 1884, Mark Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Chapter VIII
- I got my traps out of the canoe and made me a nice camp in the thick woods. I made a kind of a tent out of my blankets to put my things under so the rain couldn't get at them.
- 1884, Mark Twain, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Chapter VIII
- (archaic) One's inherent nature; character, natural disposition.
- (archaic) Family, lineage.
- (archaic) Manner.
- Goods or services used as payment, as e.g. in barter.
- 1691, John Dryden, Prologue to King Arthur
- Some of you, on pure instinct of nature, / Are led by kind t'admire your fellow-creature.
- 1691, John Dryden, Prologue to King Arthur
- Equivalent means used as response to an action.
- (Christianity) Each of the two elements of the communion service, bread and wine.
Usage notes
In sense “goods or services” or “equivalent means”, used almost exclusively with “in” in expression in kind.
Synonyms
- genre
- sort
- type
- derivative
(1) and/or (2)
- generation
- offspring
- child
- See also Thesaurus:class
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
Etymology 2
From Middle English kinde, kunde, kende, from Old English cynde, ?ecynde (“innate, natural, native”), from Old English cynd, ?ecynd (“nature, kind”).
Alternative forms
- kinde (obsolete)
Adjective
kind (comparative kinder, superlative kindest)
- Having a benevolent, courteous, friendly, generous, gentle, liberal, sympathetic, or warm-hearted nature or disposition, marked by consideration for – and service to – others.
- Affectionate.
- 1770, Oliver Goldsmith, The Deserted Village
- Yet was he kind, or if severe in aught, / The love he bore to learning was in fault.
- 1770, Oliver Goldsmith, The Deserted Village
- Favorable.
- Mild, gentle, forgiving
- Gentle; tractable; easily governed.
- (obsolete) Characteristic of the species; belonging to one's nature; natural; native.
- c. 1385, William Langland, Piers Plowman, I:
- ?et haue I no kynde knowing quod I · ?et mote ?e kenne me better.
- it becommeth sweeter than it should be, and loseth the kind tast.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Chaucer to this entry?)
- c. 1385, William Langland, Piers Plowman, I:
Synonyms
- See also Thesaurus:affectionate
Derived terms
Translations
Further reading
- Kind in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)
Anagrams
- DINK, dink
Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutch kind, from Middle Dutch kint, from Old Dutch kint, from Proto-Germanic *kind? (“offspring”), from Proto-Indo-European *?enh?tóm.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /k?nt/
Noun
kind (plural kinders)
- child
Anagrams
- dink
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse kinn, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *?énu- (“cheek”). Compare Swedish kind, Norwegian and Icelandic kinn, Low German and German Kinn, Dutch kin, English chin.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ken/, [k?en?]
Noun
kind c (singular definite kinden, plural indefinite kinder)
- cheek
Inflection
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch kint, from Old Dutch kint, from Proto-West Germanic *kind (“offspring”), from Proto-Germanic *kind? (“offspring”), from Proto-Indo-European *?enh?tóm (“that which is produced, that which is given birth to”), related to *?n?h?tós (“produced, given birth”), from *?enh?- (“to produce, to give birth”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /k?nt/
- Hyphenation: kind
- Rhymes: -?nt
Noun
kind n (plural kinderen or kinders, diminutive kindje n or kindertje n or kindeken n or kindelijn n)
- child, kid, non-adult human
- descendant, still a minor or irrespective of age
- In sommige patriarchale tradities blijven kinderen levenslang onvoorwaardelijk onderworpen aan het vaderlijk gezag, zoals aanvankelijk in het Oude Rome, in andere houdt een zoon op kind te zijn door zijn eigen gezin te stichten
- In certain patriarchal traditions, children remain subject to unconditional paternal authority for life, as originally in Ancient Rome, in other ones a son ceases to be a child by founding his own family
- Synonyms: afstammeling, telg
- In sommige patriarchale tradities blijven kinderen levenslang onvoorwaardelijk onderworpen aan het vaderlijk gezag, zoals aanvankelijk in het Oude Rome, in andere houdt een zoon op kind te zijn door zijn eigen gezin te stichten
- (figuratively) product of influence, breeding etc.
Usage notes
- The normal plural is kinderen. The form kinders is heard colloquially, often also humorously.
- In compounds, the word can take the form kinder- or kind- as a tail. The former is used more often, however.
- The dimunitive kindelijn is now archaic, but can still be found in some fossilized songs and religious texts.
Derived terms
See also
- dochter
- zoon
- blaag
Descendants
- Afrikaans: kind
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old Norse kind, from Proto-Germanic *kinþiz, cognate with Latin g?ns (“clan, tribe”). The sense of “sheep” is derived from the compound sauðkind, literally “sheep-kind”.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /c??nt/
- Rhymes: -?nt
Noun
kind f
- (obsolete) race, kind, kin
- a sheep (especially a ewe)
- (dated) used as a term of disparagement for a girl (or woman)
Declension
Synonyms
- (sheep): rolla, sauðkind
Derived terms
- kindarlegur
- mannkind
- sauðkind
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Old Norse kind f, from Proto-Germanic *kinþiz, from Proto-Indo-European *?énh?tis. Akin to English kind.
Noun
kind m (definite singular kinden, indefinite plural kindar, definite plural kindane)
kind n (definite singular kindet, indefinite plural kind, definite plural kinda)
- a child in a cradle
References
- “kind” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Norse
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *kinþiz. Compare Latin g?ns (“clan, tribe”).
Noun
kind f (genitive kindar, plural kindir or kindr)
- race, kind, kin
- creature, being
Declension
Derived terms
- mannkind
- sauðkind
Descendants
- Icelandic: kind f
References
- kind in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *kind (“child”).
Noun
kind n
- child
Declension
Descendants
- Middle Low German: kind, kint, kynd
- Dutch Low Saxon: kind, kiend, keend
- German Low German: Kind
- ? Old Frisian: kind
- West Frisian: kyn
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Norse kinn, from Proto-Germanic *kinnuz, from Proto-Indo-European *?énu- (“cheek”). Compare Danish kind, Norwegian and Icelandic kinn, German Kinn, Dutch kin, English chin.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??nd/
Noun
kind c
- (anatomy) cheek; a part of the face.
Declension
Zealandic
Etymology
From Middle Dutch kint
Noun
kind n (plural kinders)
- child
kind From the web:
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genus
English
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin genus (“birth, origin, a race, sort, kind”) from the root gen- in Latin gignere, Old Latin gegnere (“to beget, produce”). Doublet of gender, genre, and kin.
Pronunciation
- (UK) enPR: j?n’-?s, j?n’-?s, IPA(key): /?d?i?n?s/, /?d??n?s/
- (US) enPR: j?n’-?s, IPA(key): /?d?i?n?s/
- Rhymes: -i?n?s
Noun
genus (plural genera or (both nonstandard) genuses or genusses)
- (biology, taxonomy) A category in the classification of organisms, ranking below family (Lat. familia) and above species.
- A taxon at this rank.
- All magnolias belong to the genus Magnolia.
- Other species of the genus Bos are often called cattle or wild cattle.
- There are only two genera and species of seadragons.
- A group with common attributes.
- (topology, graph theory, algebraic geometry) A natural number representing any of several related measures of the complexity of a given manifold or graph.
- (semantics) Within a definition, a broader category of the defined concept.
Usage notes
- (biology, taxonomy, rank in the classification of organisms): See generic name, binomial nomenclature.
Synonyms
- See also Thesaurus:class
Hyponyms
- (topology, graph theory): Euler genus
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
See also
- (semantics): differentia
- (biological taxa):
- domain
- kingdom
- phylum/division
- class
- order
- family
- supergenus
- genus
- subgenus, section, series
- species
Further reading
- genus in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- genus in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
Anagrams
- Negus, negus
Danish
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin genus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?e?nus/, [???e?nus]
Noun
genus n (plural indefinite genus or genera)
- (biology, taxonomy) genus
- Synonym: slægt
- (grammar) gender
- Synonym: køn
Further reading
- genus on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
Dutch
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin genus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??e?.n?s/
- Hyphenation: ge?nus
Noun
genus n (plural genera)
- (botany) a rank in a taxonomic classification, in between family and species.
- Synonym: geslacht
- (botany) a taxon at this rank
- Synonym: geslacht
- (linguistics) gender
- Synonym: geslacht
Derived terms
- subgenus
- supergenus
Finnish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??enus/, [??e?nus?]
- Rhymes: -enus
- Syllabification: ge?nus
Noun
genus
- (botany) Synonym of suku (“genus”)
- (topology) genus
- Synonym: suku
Declension
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /??e.nus/, [???n?s?]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /?d??e.nus/, [?d????nus]
Etymology 1
From Proto-Italic *genos, from Proto-Indo-European *?énh?os (“race”), from Proto-Indo-European *?enh?- (“to produce, beget”); compare also g?ns, from the same root. Cognates include Ancient Greek ????? (génos, “race, stock, kin, kind”), Sanskrit ???? (jánas, “race, class of beings”), Proto-Celtic *genos (“birth; family”), and English kin.
Noun
genus n (genitive generis); third declension
- birth, origin, lineage, descent
- kind, type, class
- species (of animal or plant), race (of people)
- set, group (with common attributes)
- (grammar) gender
- 6th century, Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus (attributed): Commentarium de oratione et de octo partibus orationis. In: „Patrologiae cursus completus sive Bibliotheca universalis, integra, uniformis, commoda, oeconomica, omnium ss. patrum, doctorum scriptorumque ecclesiasticorum qui ab aevo apostolico ad innocentii III tempora floruerunt; […] . Series prima, in qua prodeunt patres, doctores scriptoresque ecclesiae latinae a tertulliano ad gregorium magnum. Accurante J.-P. Migne, cursuum completorum in singulos scientiae ecclesiaticae ramos editore. Patrologiae tomus LXX. Cassiodori tomus posterior. – Magni Aurelii Cassiodori senatoris, viri patricii, consularis, et vivariensis abbatis opera omnia in duos tomos distributa, ad fidem manuscriptiorum codicum emendata et aucta, notis, observationibus et indicibus locupletata, praecedente auctoris vita, quae nunc primum in lucem prodit cum dissertatione de ejus monarchatu. Opera et studio J. Garetii monarchi ordinis sancti Benedicti e congregatione sancti mauri. Nobis autem curantibus accesserunt complexiones in epistolas b. Pauli quas edidit et annotavit scipio Maffeius. Tomus posterior. – Parisiis, venit apud editorem, in via dicta d'amboise, près la barriere d'enfer, ou petit-montrouge. 1847“, p. 1225
- Genera nominum sunt sex: masculinum, ut hic Cato; femininum, ut haec musa; neutrum, ut hoc monile; commune duorum generum, ut hic et haec sacerdos: trium generum, ut hic, et haec, et hoc felix; epicoenon, quod Latine promiscuum dicitur, ut passer, aquila.
- Nouns have six genders: masculine, e.g. hic Cato 'this man Cato'; feminine, e.g. haec musa 'this muse'; neuter, e.g. hoc monile 'this necklace'; common to two genders, e.g. hic et haec sacerdos 'this priest or priestess'; of three genders, e.g. hic, et haec, et hoc felix 'this lucky man, woman or thing'; epicene, called promiscous in Latin, e.g. passer 'sparrow', aquila 'eagle'.
- Genera nominum sunt sex: masculinum, ut hic Cato; femininum, ut haec musa; neutrum, ut hoc monile; commune duorum generum, ut hic et haec sacerdos: trium generum, ut hic, et haec, et hoc felix; epicoenon, quod Latine promiscuum dicitur, ut passer, aquila.
- 16th century, Andreas Semperius (a.k.a. Andreas Sampere, Andreu Sempere): Andreae Semperii Valentini Alcodiani, doctoris medici, prima grammaticae latinae institutio tribus libris explicata, Majorca/Mallorca, 1819, p.19
- Genera nominum, septem sunt. Masculinum, cui praeponitur hic: ut hic Dominus. Foemineum, cui praeponitur haec: ut haec musa. Neutrum, cui praeponuntur hoc: ut hoc templum. Commune, cui praeponuntur hic, & haec: ut hic, & haec Sacerdos. Omne, cui praeponuntur hic, haec, hoc, vel per tres varias voces inflectitur: ut hic, haec, hoc felix, bonus, bona, bonum. Dubium, quod modo masculinum, modo faemineum, apud Oratores etiam invenitur: ut hic, vel haec dies. Promiscuum, in quo sexus uterque per alterum apparet: ut hic passer, haec aquila, hic lepus.
- Nouns have seven genders. Masculine, which you can precede with hic: hic dominus 'this Lord'. Feminine, which you can precede with haec, e.g. haec musa 'this muse'. Neuter, which you can precede with hoc, e.g. hoc templum 'this temple'. Common, which you can precede with hic and haec: hic & haec sacerdos 'this male or female priest'. Universal, which you can precede with all three of hic, haec, hoc, or which vary in three forms, e.g. hic, haec, hoc felix 'this lucky man, woman, thing', hic bonus, haec bona, hoc bonum 'this good man, good woman, good thing'. Doubtful, which in the orators can be found to be sometimes masculine, sometimes feminine, e.g. hic, vel haec dies 'this day'. Promiscuous, in which a gender appears instead of another, e.g. hic passer 'this sparrow' (always masculine), haec aquila 'this eagle' (always feminine), hic lepus 'this rabbit' (always masculine).
- Genera nominum, septem sunt. Masculinum, cui praeponitur hic: ut hic Dominus. Foemineum, cui praeponitur haec: ut haec musa. Neutrum, cui praeponuntur hoc: ut hoc templum. Commune, cui praeponuntur hic, & haec: ut hic, & haec Sacerdos. Omne, cui praeponuntur hic, haec, hoc, vel per tres varias voces inflectitur: ut hic, haec, hoc felix, bonus, bona, bonum. Dubium, quod modo masculinum, modo faemineum, apud Oratores etiam invenitur: ut hic, vel haec dies. Promiscuum, in quo sexus uterque per alterum apparet: ut hic passer, haec aquila, hic lepus.
- 6th century, Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus (attributed): Commentarium de oratione et de octo partibus orationis. In: „Patrologiae cursus completus sive Bibliotheca universalis, integra, uniformis, commoda, oeconomica, omnium ss. patrum, doctorum scriptorumque ecclesiasticorum qui ab aevo apostolico ad innocentii III tempora floruerunt; […] . Series prima, in qua prodeunt patres, doctores scriptoresque ecclesiae latinae a tertulliano ad gregorium magnum. Accurante J.-P. Migne, cursuum completorum in singulos scientiae ecclesiaticae ramos editore. Patrologiae tomus LXX. Cassiodori tomus posterior. – Magni Aurelii Cassiodori senatoris, viri patricii, consularis, et vivariensis abbatis opera omnia in duos tomos distributa, ad fidem manuscriptiorum codicum emendata et aucta, notis, observationibus et indicibus locupletata, praecedente auctoris vita, quae nunc primum in lucem prodit cum dissertatione de ejus monarchatu. Opera et studio J. Garetii monarchi ordinis sancti Benedicti e congregatione sancti mauri. Nobis autem curantibus accesserunt complexiones in epistolas b. Pauli quas edidit et annotavit scipio Maffeius. Tomus posterior. – Parisiis, venit apud editorem, in via dicta d'amboise, près la barriere d'enfer, ou petit-montrouge. 1847“, p. 1225
- (grammar) subtype of word
Declension
Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).
Hyponyms
- (grammar, genera nominum): [genus] f?min?num, [genus] mascul?num, [genus] neutrum, genus comm?ne, genus omne
- (grammar, genera verborum): [genus] ?ct?vum, [genus] pass?vum, [genus] neutrum, [genus] comm?ne, [genus] d?p?n?ns, [genus] medium
Derived terms
Descendants
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
Noun
gen?s
- genitive singular of gen?
References
- genus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- genus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- genus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Latin genus.
Noun
genus m or n (definite singular genusen or genuset, indefinite plural genera or genus, definite plural genera or generaa or genusa or genusane)
- (biology, taxonomy) genus
- (grammar) gender
- (grammar) voice
References
- “genus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Swedish
Noun
genus n
- (grammar) gender (division of nouns and pronouns)
- (social) gender, sex (social issues of being man or woman)
Usage notes
- Biological gender is called kön. The Latin word genus is used for grammar and more recently for gender studies.
Declension
Synonyms
- (grammar): kön
Related terms
References
- genus in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
Anagrams
- sugen, unges
genus From the web:
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- what genus is a fox
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