different between ketchup vs cow
ketchup
English
Alternative forms
- catsup
- catchup (obsolete)
- ketsup (dated)
Etymology
Uncertain, but probably ultimately from Chinese via Malay kicap, from Min Nan ?? (kê-chiap, “fish broth”), though precise path is unclear – there are related words in various Chinese dialects, and it may have entered English directly from Chinese. Cognate to Indonesian kecap, ketjap (“soy sauce”). Various other theories exist – see Ketchup: Etymology for extended discussion.
First appeared in English in the late 17th century in reference to a Southeast Asian sauce encountered by British traders and sailors. The Oxford English Dictionary notes that it was commonly used in the 18th century to refer to a variety of similar sauces with varying ingredients—"anchovies, mushrooms, walnuts, and oysters being particularly popular"—but by the late 19th century the current tomato ketchup became the most popular form.
Catsup (earlier catchup) is an alternative Anglicization, still in use in the U.S.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?k?t?.?p/, /?k?t?.?p/
- Homophone: catch-up (one pronunciation)
Noun
ketchup (countable and uncountable, plural ketchups)
- (uncountable) A tomato-vinegar-based sauce, sometimes containing spices, onion or garlic, and (especially in the US) sweeteners.
- (countable, now rare) Such a sauce more generally (not necessarily based on tomatoes).
- 1883, Cassell's Dictionary of Cookery (page lxxxiii)
- The bottles, however, were port bottles, but contained mushroom ketchup; […]
- 2003, Inns and Bed and Breakfasts in Quebec 2003 (?Ulysses Travel Guides; page 46)
- To accompany meat, we prepare fruit ketchups and rhubarb chutney.
- 1883, Cassell's Dictionary of Cookery (page lxxxiii)
Usage notes
The spelling ketchup became significantly preferred in the United States due to the popularity of the Heinz brand, which shortly after its introduction in 1876 switched from catsup to this spelling to distinguish itself from competitors. Other major brands, such as Hunt, subsequently followed, with Del Monte only switching to ketchup in 1988.
This condiment is more commonly and somewhat ambiguously called tomato sauce outside of the Americas. In South Africa, the word ketchup is not generally understood.
Descendants
Translations
Verb
ketchup (third-person singular simple present ketchups, present participle ketchupping, simple past and past participle ketchupped)
- (transitive) To cover with ketchup.
- 1867, John Maddison Morton, Aunt Charlotte's maid: a farce in one act:
- It strikes me she's "ketchupped" the lot! I won't touch a morsel!
- 1973, Horizon, page 15:
- "Well," said Chuck, ketchupping his hamburger, "I'd rather do without King Lear than put up with the human agony it sprang out of. I'd rather not have the Eroica than have the big bloody conqueror it tries to immortalize."
- 2009, David Silverman, Twinkle, page 4:
- Their fellow diners, like their ketchupped grub, were appropriately dashed and splattered with paint and plaster, reading their Suns and Daily Mirror.
- 1867, John Maddison Morton, Aunt Charlotte's maid: a farce in one act:
References
- Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “ketchup”, in Online Etymology Dictionary
Danish
Etymology
From English ketchup. Ultimately from Chinese. See English etymology.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?k??d??ub?]
Noun
ketchup c (singular definite ketchuppen, plural indefinite ketchupper)
- (uncountable) ketchup (a tomate sauce with vinegar)
- (countable) ketchup (a particular brand or type of ketchup)
Inflection
Dutch
Etymology
Borrowed from English ketchup. Ultimately from Chinese. See English etymology.
Pronunciation
Noun
ketchup m (plural ketchups, diminutive ketchupje n)
- ketchup
Synonyms
- tomatenketchup
Derived terms
- curryketchup
- tomatenketchup
French
Etymology
Borrowed from English ketchup. Ultimately from Chinese. See English etymology.
Pronunciation
- (France) IPA(key): /k?t.?œp/
- (France, Quebec) IPA(key): /k?t.??p/
Noun
ketchup m (plural ketchups)
- ketchup
Further reading
- “ketchup” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?k?.t??up/, (rare) /?k?.t??ap/
Noun
ketchup m inan
- Alternative spelling of keczup.
Declension
Further reading
- ketchup in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
- ketchup in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
Noun
ketchup m (plural ketchups)
- Alternative spelling of catchup
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:ketchup.
Serbo-Croatian
Noun
ketchup m (Cyrillic spelling ???????)
- Alternative form of ke?ap
Spanish
Alternative forms
- kétchup
Etymology
Borrowed from English ketchup. Ultimately from Chinese. See English etymology.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ke?t??up/, [ke?t??up]
Noun
ketchup m (plural ketchups)
- ketchup
Swedish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?k?t???p/
Etymology
From English ketchup
Noun
ketchup c
- ketchup
West Frisian
Etymology
From English ketchup
Noun
ketchup c (no plural)
- ketchup
ketchup From the web:
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cow
English
Pronunciation
- enPR: kou, IPA(key): /ka?/
- \? ka?\
- Rhymes: -a?
Etymology 1
From Middle English cou, cu, from Old English c? (“cow”), from Proto-West Germanic *k?, from Proto-Germanic *k?z (“cow”), from Proto-Indo-European *g??ws (“cow”).
Cognate with Sanskrit ?? (go), Ancient Greek ???? (boûs), Persian ???? (g?v)), Latvian govs (“cow”), Proto-Slavic *gov?do (Serbo-Croatian govedo, Russian ???????? (govjadina) ("beef")), Scots coo (“cow”), North Frisian ko, kø (“cow”), West Frisian ko (“cow”), Dutch koe (“cow”), Low German Koh, Koo, Kau (“cow”), German Kuh (“cow”), Swedish ko (“cow”), Norwegian ku (“cow”), Icelandic kýr (“cow”), Latin b?s (“ox, bull, cow”), Armenian ??? (kov, “cow”).
The plural kine is from Middle English kyne, kyn, kuin, kiin, kien (“cows”), either a double plural of Middle English ky, kye (“cows”), equivalent to modern kye +? -en, or inherited from Old English c?na (“cows', of cows”), genitive plural of c? (“cow”).
Noun
cow (plural cows or cattle or kine) (see usage notes)
- (properly) An adult female of the species Bos taurus, especially one that has calved.
- (formerly inexact but now common) Any member of the species Bos taurus regardless of sex or age, including bulls and calves.
- (uncommon) Beef: the meat of cattle as food.
- (uncommon) Any bovines or bovids generally, including yaks, buffalo, etc.
- (biology) A female member of other large species of mammal, including the bovines, moose, whales, seals, hippos, rhinos, manatees, and elephants.
- (derogatory, Britain, Australia, informal) A woman considered unpleasant in some way, particularly one considered nasty, stupid, fat, lazy, or difficult.
- 1933, George Orwell, Down and Out in Paris and London, Chapter XXXII, [1]
- […] the worst insult to a woman, either in London or Paris, is "cow"; a name which might even be a compliment, for cows are among the most likeable of animals.
- 1990, House of Cards, Season 1, Episode 2:
- Greville Preston: You've been set up, you silly cow. Now, don't let me hear any more about this unless you have absolute stand-up-in-court proof it's kosher...
Mattie Storin: Pig.
- Greville Preston: You've been set up, you silly cow. Now, don't let me hear any more about this unless you have absolute stand-up-in-court proof it's kosher...
- 1933, George Orwell, Down and Out in Paris and London, Chapter XXXII, [1]
- (mining) A chock: a wedge or brake used to stop a machine or car.
Usage notes
The plural cows is the normal plural for multiple individuals, while cattle is used in a more collective sense. The umlaut plurals kee, kie, kine, ky and kye are archaic or dialectal, and are not in common use.
Synonyms
- (derogatory: despicable woman): bitch
- (female animal):
- (female dolphin): dolphinet (archaic)
- (informal: anything annoyingly difficult): bastard, bitch, bugger (UK)
Antonyms
- (female domesticated ox or other bovine): bull (male, uncastrated), ox or steer (male, castrated), heifer (female, immature)
Hyponyms
- (young or little): cowlet, cowling
Derived terms
Descendants
- Sranan Tongo: kaw
- Tok Pisin: kau
- ? Abenaki: kaoz (from cows)
- ? Maori: kau
Translations
See cow/translations § Noun.
See also
- List of sequenced animal genomes on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Etymology 2
Probably from Old Norse kúga (“to oppress”) (whence also Norwegian and Danish kue, Swedish kuva); compare Icelandic kúfa (“to set on top”) and Faroese kúga (“to oppress”).
Verb
cow (third-person singular simple present cows, present participle cowing, simple past and past participle cowed)
- (transitive, chiefly in the passive voice) To intimidate; to daunt the spirits or courage of.
- To vanquish a people already cowed.
Derived terms
- cowed
- cowedly
- cowedness
- uncowed
Translations
Etymology 3
Noun
cow (plural cows)
- (Britain, dialect) A chimney cowl.
Anagrams
- CWO, WOC
Huave
Noun
cow
- metate (grinding stone)
Derived terms
References
- Stairs Kreger, Glenn Albert; Scharfe de Stairs, Emily Florence; Olvaries Oviedo, Proceso; Ponce Villanueva, Tereso; Comonfort Llave, Lorenzo (1981) Diccionario huave de San Mateo del Mar (Serie de vocabularios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 24)?[2] (in Spanish), México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 88, 252
Middle English
Noun
cow
- Alternative form of cou
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- what cows eat
- what cow produces the most milk
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- what cows have horns
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