different between kernel vs millet

English

Etymology

From Middle English kernel, kirnel, kürnel, from Old English cyrnel, from Proto-West Germanic *kurnil, diminutive of *kurn? (“seed, grain, corn”), equivalent to corn +? -le. Cognate with Yiddish ??????? (kerndl), Middle Dutch kernel, cornel, Middle High German kornel. Related also to Old Norse kjarni (“kernel”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?k??n?l/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?k?n?l/
• Rhymes: -??(?)n?l
• Homophone: colonel

Noun

kernel (plural kernels)

1. The core, center, or essence of an object or system.

   Synonyms: crux, gist

2. (botany) The central (usually edible) part of a nut, especially once the hard shell has been removed.
3. (botany) A single seed or grain, especially of corn or wheat.
4. (botany, US) The stone of certain fruits, such as peaches or plums.
5. A small mass around which other matter is concreted; a nucleus; a concretion or hard lump in the flesh.
6. (computing) The central part of many computer operating systems which manages the system's resources and the communication between hardware and software components.

   Hyponyms: microkernel, unikernel

7. (computing) The core engine of any complex software system.

   Antonym: userland

8. (calculus) A function used to define an integral transform.

9. (mathematics) A set of pairs of a mapping's domain which are mapped to the same value.
10. (mathematics, linear algebra, functional analysis) For a given function (especially a linear map between vector spaces), the set of elements in the domain which are mapped to zero; (formally) given f : X ? Y, the set {x ? X : f(x) = 0}.

    Antonym: support

    Meronyms: root, zero

11. (mathematics, category theory) For a category with zero morphisms: the equalizer of a given morphism and the zero morphism which is parallel to that given morphism.
12. (mathematics, fuzzy set theory) The set of members of a fuzzy set that are fully included (i.e., whose grade of membership is 1).
13. (slang) The human clitoris.
    • 2014, Karyn Gerrard, Irene Preston, Lotchie Burton et al, Summer Heat: 10 Spicy Romances That Sizzle

      Using the blunt end of one of the vibraphone mallets, he pried open her folds. With the balled end of the other, he rhythmically rolled over her kernel.

14. (chemistry) The nucleus and electrons of an atom excluding its valence electrons.
    • 1916, Gilbert N. Lewis, “The Atom and The Molecule,” Journal of the American Chemical Society 38(4) p 768.

      1. In every atom is an essential kernel which remains unaltered in all ordinary chemical changes and which possesses an excess of positive charges corresponding in number to the ordinal number of the group in the periodic table to which the element belongs.

Synonyms

• (core or essence): See also Thesaurus:gist

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

kernel (third-person singular simple present kernels, present participle kerneling, simple past and past participle kerneled)

1. To enclose within a kernel
2. To crenelate

Anagrams

• kleren

Hungarian

Etymology

From English kernel.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?k?rn?l]
• Hyphenation: ker?nel
• Rhymes: -?l

Noun

kernel (plural kernelek)

1. (computing) kernel (the central part of many computer operating systems)

   Synonym: rendszermag

Declension

References

Middle English

Alternative forms

• cernel, curnel, kernell, kirnel, karnel, kurnel, kurnele, kyrnel, kyrnell, cornel

Etymology

From Old English cyrnel, from Proto-Germanic *kurnilaz; equivalent to corn +? -el. Some forms are influenced by corn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?k?rn?l/, /?kirn?l/, /?kurn?l/, /?k?rn?l/

Noun

kernel (plural kerneles)

1. A seed, grain or stone of a fruit, corn, or nut; a pepper corn.
2. (figuratively) The core or most important part of a thing.
3. (figuratively) The start of an enterprise or endeavour.
4. (anatomy) A organ responsible for production of substances.
5. (medicine) A distended organ or growth.
6. (rare) A small pebble or rock; a flake of salt.

Derived terms

Descendants

• English: kernel
• Scots: kirnel; churnel

References

• “kirnel, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-06.

Old French

Alternative forms

• crenel

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Noun

kernel m (oblique plural kerneaus or kerneax or kerniaus or kerniax or kernels, nominative singular kerneaus or kerneax or kerniaus or kerniax or kernels, nominative plural kernel)

1. crenel (space in a battlement from which weapons may be used on an incoming enemy)

Descendants

• ? English: crenel
• French: créneau

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (crenel, supplement)

Portuguese

Etymology

From English kernel.

Noun

kernel m (plural kernels)

1. (computing) kernel (central part of certain operating systems)

   Synonym: núcleo

English

Etymology 1

From late Middle English, borrowed from Middle French millet; from Latin milium, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *melh?- (“to grind, crush”), see also Ancient Greek ?????? (melín?, “millet”) and Lithuanian málnos (“millet”).

Pronunciation

• (General American, Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?m?l?t/
• Rhymes: -?l?t

Noun

millet (countable and uncountable, plural millets)

1. Any of a group of various types of grass or its grains used as food, widely cultivated in the developing world.

Hyponyms

• (food grains): Urochloa deflexa (syn. Brachiaria deflexa; Guinea millet), Urochloa ramosa (syn. Brachiaria ramosa; brown-top millet), Coix lacryma-jobi (Job's tears, adlay millet), Digitaria exilis, Echinochloa, Eleusine coracana, Eragrostis tef, Panicum miliaceum, Urochloa ramosa (syn. Panicum ramosum), Panicum sumatrense, Paspalum scrobiculatum, Pennisetum glaucum, Setaria italica, Sorghum

Coordinate terms

• (Cereals) cereal; barley, fonio, maize/corn, millet, oats, rice, rye, sorghum, teff, triticale, wheat

See also

• Appendix:Grains

Derived terms

Translations

Further reading

• millet on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Millet on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

Etymology 2

From Turkish millet, from Ottoman Turkish ???? (millet), from Persian ???? (mellat), from Arabic ??????? (milla).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?m?l?t/

Noun

millet (plural millets)

1. (historical) A semi-autonomous confessional community under the Ottoman Empire, especially a non-Muslim one.
   • 2007, Elizabeth Roberts, Realm of the Black Mountain, Hurst & Co. 2007, page 14:

     […] in support for a common Serbian Orthodox Church, the one traditional institution permitted to exist under the Ottoman millet system which sought to rule subject peoples indirectly through their own religious hierarchies.

   • 2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin 2010, page 262:

     Christians and Jews as People of the Book […] were organized into separate communities, or millets, defined by their common practice of the same religion, which was guaranteed as protected as long as it was primarily practised in private.

Translations

French

Etymology

From mil +? -et; a diminutive of mil, from Latin milium, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *melh?- (“to grind, crush”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mi.j?/

Noun

millet m (usually uncountable, plural millets)

1. millet (grain)

Further reading

• “millet” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic ??????? (milla).

Noun

millet (definite accusative milleti, plural milletler)

1. nation

   Synonym: ulus