different between kern vs karn

English

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /k??n/
• Rhymes: -???n

Etymology 1

From Middle English curn, cooren, variant forms of Middle English corn, see English corn and also Dutch kern, Old High German kerno, cherno, Middle High German kerne, kern, German Kern (“core, kernel”),
Old Norse kjarni, Icelandic kjarni, Danish kjerne, Swedish kärna (“core, kernel”); see also kernel.

Alternative forms

• kirn, curn (Scotland)

Noun

kern (countable and uncountable, plural kerns)

1. (obsolete or dialect) A corn; grain; kernel.
2. (obsolete or dialect) The last handful or sheaf reaped at the harvest.
3. (obsolete or dialect) The harvest home.

Derived terms

• kern-baby

Related terms

• kernel

Etymology 2

From French carne (“corner; projecting angle; quill of a pen”), from Latin cardinem (“hinge”) or from Etymology 1. The verb is a back-formation from kerned, which is from the noun.

Alternative forms

• kerne

Noun

kern (plural kerns)

2. (hot metal printing, typography) Any part of a letter which extends into the space used by another letter.
   • 1856, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Odd Fellows' Literary Casket, Volumes 6-7, page 360,

     A few types have a portion of the face letter projecting over the body, as in the letter f ; this projection is called the kern, and in combination with other letters the projecting part generally extends over the next letter, as in fe. In those combinations, wherein the kern would come in contact with another letter, compound types are cast, as in the case of ff, fi, fl, ffi, ffl.

Verb

kern (third-person singular simple present kerns, present participle kerning, simple past and past participle kerned)

1. (typography, chiefly proportional font printing) To adjust the horizontal space between selected pairs of letters (characters or glyphs); to perform such adjustments to a portion of text, according to preset rules.
   • 2001, Constance J. Sidles, Graphic Designer's Digital Printing and PrePress Handbook, page 51,

     If you need to kern anything beyond the most commonly used pairs, you can use applications software such as Adobe PageMaker to customize pairs.

   • 2001, Bill Camarda, Special Edition Using Microsoft Word 2002, page 122,

     Especially consider kerning if you are printing on a relatively high-resolution printer, such as a 600-dpi (dots per inch) laser printer.

   • 2006, Tova Rabinowitz, Exploring Typography, page 320,

     Remember, the goal of kerning is to make letter pairs look natural, not necessarily to minimize letterspaces.

   • 2008, Terry Rydberg, Exploring Adobe InDesign CS4, page 98,

     You should kern letter pairs when spacing between characters is too wide or too narrow.

Derived terms

• kern pair

Translations

Etymology 3

From Middle English kerne, from Middle Irish ceithern.

Alternative forms

• kerne

Noun

kern (plural kerns)

1. (archaic or historical) A light-armed foot soldier of the ancient militia of Ireland and Scotland; in archaic contexts often used as a term of contempt.
   • c. 1599, William Shakespeare, The Life of Henry the Fifth, Act 3, Scene 7,

     O then belike she was old and gentle; and you rode like a kern of Ireland, your French hose off and in your strait strossers.

   • 1908, Sabine Baring-Gould, Devonshire Characters and Strange Events: "Lusty" Stucley,

     There he entertained Shan O'Neil, a famous, turbulent chief from Ireland, who late in this year visited Elizabeth's Court, where his train of kerns and gallowglasses, clothed in linen kilts dyed with saffron, made a great impression.

2. (obsolete) A boor; a low person.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Blount to this entry?)

3. (obsolete, Britain, law) An idler; a vagabond.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Wharton to this entry?)

Etymology 4

Noun

kern (plural kerns)

1. Alternative form of quern

Etymology 5

Noun

kern (plural kerns)

1. A churn.

References

Anagrams

• Renk, nerk

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch kerne, from Old Dutch *kerno, from Proto-Germanic *kernô, from Proto-Indo-European *?erh?-n-on-, *?r?h?nóm, related to *kurn? (“corn, grain”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k?rn/
• Hyphenation: kern
• Rhymes: -?rn

Noun

kern f (plural kernen, diminutive kerntje n)

1. nucleus, core
2. (physics) nucleus (of an atom)
3. (physics, in compounds) nuclear
4. (geology, astronomy) core (of the Earth, or any other celestial body)
5. (mathematics) kernel (of a function)
   • 1976, "Het eindexamen wiskunde II 1976", in Euclides. Maandblad voor de didactiek van de wiskunde. Orgaan van de Nederlandse Vereniging van Wiskundeleraren, vol. 52, issue 7, Wolters-Noordhoff, 274.

     Te bewijzen: er bestaat een k waarvoor beeldruimte en kern van A_k samenvallen.

     To be demonstrated: a k exists for which the image space and kernel of A_k coincide.

   • 2005, Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica, Vakantiecursus 2005. De schijf van vijf, 55.

     Hij kijkt dus of het ontvangen woord in de kern van de matrix zit.

     Therefore he checks whether the received word is contained in the matrix's kernel.

6. settlement, built-up area

Derived terms

References

• Kroonen, Guus (2013) , “kurnan”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, ?ISBN, page 285

Manx

Etymology

From Middle Irish ceithern (“band or troop of soldiers or fighting men”).

Noun

kern m (genitive singular kern, plural kernyn)

1. (military) soldier, infantryman, yeoman
2. (chess) pawn

Synonyms

• (soldier, pawn): sidoor

Mutation

References

• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “ceithern”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

English

Etymology

From Cornish. Doublet of cairn.

Noun

karn (plural karns)

1. (mining, dated) A pile of rocks.

Anagrams

• ARNK, knar, kran, nark, rank

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -?rn

Verb

karn

1. first-person singular present indicative of karnen
2. imperative of karnen

Anagrams

• rank