different between kell vs ell

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k?l/
• Rhymes: -?l

Etymology 1

Compare caul.

Noun

kell (plural kells)

1. (obsolete) The caul.
2. (obsolete, figuratively) That which covers or envelops, like a caul; a net; a fold; a film.

   • I'll have him cut to the kell.

3. (obsolete) The cocoon or chrysalis of an insect.
   • 1616, Ben Jonson, The Devil Is an Ass

     Bury himself in every silkworm's kell

Etymology 2

Noun

kell (plural kells)

1. A kiln.

Etymology 3

A modification of kale.

Noun

kell (uncountable)

1. A sort of pottage; kale.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Ainsworth to this entry?)

Breton

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?k?l?/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic [Term?], borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin c?leus (“testicle”) (compare Cornish kell, Welsh caill), ultimately from Ancient Greek ?????? (koleós).

Noun

kell f (plural kelloù, dual divgell)

1. testicle

Etymology 2

From Latin cella (compare Old Irish cell).

Noun

kell f (plural kelloù or killi)

1. cell (of prisoner, monk):

Mutation

Cornish

Pronunciation

• (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA^(key): [k?l?]
• (Revived Late Cornish) IPA^(key): [k?l?]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic [Term?], borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin c?leus (“testicle”) (compare Breton kell, Welsh caill), ultimately from Ancient Greek ?????? (koleós).

Noun

kell f (dual diwgell, plural kellow or kellyow)

1. testicle

Etymology 2

From Latin cella (compare Old Irish cell).

Noun

kell f (plural kellow or kellyow)

1. cell

Mutation

Estonian

Etymology

From Swedish skälla.

Noun

kell (genitive kella, partitive kella)

1. clock
2. bell
3. (in the plural, colloquial) balls, testicles

Declension

Derived terms

• käekell

Hungarian

Alternative forms

• köll (dialectal)

Etymology

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *kelke- (“to be necessary, need to, must, be obligatory”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?k?l?]
• Rhymes: -?l?

Verb

kell

1. (auxiliary with a verb in the infinitive) must, need to, have to

   Synonyms: muszáj, kénytelen

2. to be needed

   Synonym: szüksége van

Usage notes

Sometimes the subject of the verb is not one that does any action but the stimulus prompting sensory or emotional feeling (not deliberately), as in the case of people or things that interest someone, matter to someone, please someone or appeal to someone (or another entity), sometimes differently from the perspective in English. In these cases, the experiencer (the entity that receives sensory or emotional input) can take the accusative (e.g. interest) or the dative (e.g. appeal). The experiencer is expressed with the dative in the case of hiányzik (“to be missing or missed by someone”), ízlik (“to taste good, to be pleasing [as of food]”), kell (“to be needed, necessary, or required”), tetszik (“to be appealing”), and van/megvan (“to be had, to be owned by someone”).

If the experiencer is expressed with the accusative, the object may be the third person (him, her, it, or them), which is considered definite in Hungarian, or it may be a first- or second-person object (me, us, and you), considered as indefinite. For example, with the verb érdekel, it takes the definite form érdekli ?t “he/she is interested” (literally, “it interests him/her”), and the indefinite form érdekel engem/téged/minket for “I am, you are, we are interested” (literally, “it interests me, you, us”) in present-tense singular. The form érdekellek means “you are interested in me” (literally, “I interest you”). – Verbs with a similar syntactic behavior include zavar (“to be bothered by”) and izgat (“to be upset or intrigued by”).

Conjugation

Derived terms

References

Further reading

• kell in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN

Maltese

Etymology

Univerbation of kien (“was”) +? l- (“to”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k?ll/

Verb

kell- (imperfect ikoll)

1. to belong to; expresses English have

2. (with following verb) to be obligatory for; to be necessary for; expresses English have to, must

Usage notes

• The perfect of this verb expresses the past, while the imperfect expresses future and subjunctive senses. The present is expressed by forms of g?and. This is equivalent to the situation in the underlying kien (“to be”), where the present is expressed (if expressed at all) by the personal pronouns.
• The verbal inflection is that of a defective verb that inflects only for tense (imperfect ikoll), but not for person or number. They who “have” something, or “have to do” something, are given with the appropriate personal suffixes (as above: kelli = it was to me = I had; kellu = it was to him = he had; etc.).
• Syntactically, it is not sound to define either of the two elements (possessor or thing possessed) as the object of the phrase. Rather the construction is that which in Arabic and Greek grammar is called a nominativus pendens: The possessor is prepositioned and referred back to with a personal suffix, while the thing possessed is the grammatical subject. This construction is generally popular in Maltese; for example: Ir-ra?el qatluh. (“They killed the man.”, literally “The man, they killed him.”).

Inflection

See also

• g?and (possessive)

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?l/
• Rhymes: -?l

Etymology 1

From Middle English elle, elne, from Old English eln (“the length of the forearm from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger; a unit of measure”), from Proto-Germanic *alin?, from Proto-Indo-European *Heh?l-én-eh?, from *Heh?l- (“elbow, forearm”). Cognate with Dutch el (“ell”), German Low German Ell (“ell”), German Elle (“ell”), Swedish aln (“cubit; ell”), Icelandic alin (“cubit; ell”), Latin ulna (“forearm”).

Noun

ell (plural ells)

1. (historical) A measure for cloth. An English ell was 1+¹?₄ yards (45 inches or 114 cm), whereas a Scottish ell measured only about 37 inches (94 cm) and a Flemish ell was ³?₄ yard (27 inches or 69 cm).

Translations

Etymology 2

From the name of the letter L

Noun

ell (plural ells)

1. (rare) The name of the Latin-script letter L.
2. An extension usually at right angles to one end of a building.
   • 1931, H. P. Lovecraft, The Whisperer in Darkness, chapter 4:

     I could hear them snapping and tearing around, and then one managed to get on the roof by jumping from the low ell.

3. Something that is L-shaped.

Translations

Anagrams

• LEL, lel

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin ille, attested from the 14th century.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /?e?/
• Rhymes: -e?

Pronoun

ell (plural ells)

1. he

Declension

Further reading

• “ell” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “ell” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “ell” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

References

Estonian

Noun

ell (genitive [please provide], partitive [please provide])

1. The name of the Latin-script letter L.

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?l?/

Noun

ell n (genitive singular els, plural ell)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter L.

Declension

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) bókstavur; a / fyrra a, á, be, de, edd, e, eff, ge, há, i / fyrra i, í / fyrra í, jodd, ká, ell, emm, enn, o, ó, pe, err, ess, te, u, ú, ve, seinna i, seinna í, seinna a, ø

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [??l?]
• Rhymes: -?l?

Noun

ell

1. The name of the Latin-script letter L.

Declension

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) bet?; a, á, bé, cé, csé, dé, dzé, dzsé, e, é, eff, gé, gyé, há, i, í, jé, ká, ell, ellipszilon / ejj, emm, enn, enny, o, ó, ö, ?, pé, kú, err, ess, essz, té, tyé, u, ú, ü, ?, vé, dupla vé / vevé, iksz, ipszilon, zé, zsé. (See also: Latin script letters.)

Further reading

• l in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN
• ell in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2021)

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?tl/
• Rhymes: -?tl

Noun

ell n (genitive singular ells, nominative plural ell)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter L.

Declension

Võro

Noun

ell (genitive [please provide], partitive [please provide])

1. The name of the Latin-script letter L.

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.