different between jussive vs hortative

English

Etymology

From Latin jube? (variant of iube?), 'to order, command'. Related to Latin i?s, 'law, order'.

Adjective

jussive (not comparable)

1. (grammar) Of or in the jussive mood (see below)

Translations

Noun

jussive (usually uncountable, plural jussives)

1. (grammar, uncountable and countable) The jussive mood, a verb inflection used to indicate a command, permission or agreement with a request; an instance of a verb so inflected.
   • 1990, Bruce K. Waltke, Michael Patrick O?Connor, An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax, page 566,

     For example, in the Aaronide blessing, only two of the six verbs are formally jussives, yet all have the same volitional sense.

   • 2003, Robert E. Longacre, Joseph: A Story of Divine Providence: A Text Theoretical and Textlinguistic Analysis of Genesis 37 and 39-48, 2nd edition, footnote, page 121,

     As far as the jussive goes — ignoring the very few occurrences of this in first person — it can be noted that most of the second-person jussives are in negative commands.

   • 2003, Sharon Rose, The formation of Ethiopian Semitic internal reduplication, Joseph Shimron (editor), Language Processing and Acquisition in Languages of Semitic, Root-Based, Morphology, page 90,

     If, on the other hand, reference is made purely to the root, we would expect all frequentative jussives to appear with a front element, producing *m?t??t??s instead of m?t??t??s (19d).

   • 2006, Robert Ray Ellis, Learning to Read Biblical Hebrew: An Introductory Grammar, page 174,

     The jussive and cohortative usually convey more indirect, or more subtle, expressions of volition than the imperative does.

2. (Arabic grammar) A verbal mood of vague or miscellaneous senses, occurring after some particles and in conditional clauses.

Usage notes

The jussive mood is similar to the cohortative mood, except that it also applies to verbs in the second and third person. The jussive mood is absent from English; it is present in Hebrew, Arabic, and Esperanto.

Synonyms

• (in Arabic grammar) apocopate

Translations

English

Etymology

From Latin hort?t?vus, from hortor (“I exhort”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?h??t?t?v/
• (US) IPA: /?h???t?t?v/
• Rhymes: -??(?)t?t?v

Adjective

hortative (comparative more hortative, superlative most hortative)

1. (comparable) Urging, exhorting, or encouraging.
   • 1854, "The Preaching Required by the Times" (Editorial), The National Magazine, New York, vol. 4, no. 1 (Jan.), pp. 79-80.

     The ministration of these oracles from the pulpit is to be reformed from any of its factitious peculiarities, and made again what it was among the apostles and their immediate successors—earnest, simple, powerful address—hortative talk, if we may so call it.

2. (grammar, not comparable) Of a mood or class of imperative subjunctive moods of a verb for giving strong encouragement.

Synonyms

• (giving strong encouragement): hortatory, supportive
• (of a mood of a verb): cohortative, exhortative, hortatory

Translations

Noun

hortative (plural hortatives)

1. (grammar) A mood or class of imperative subjunctive moods of a verb for giving strong encouragement.

Synonyms

• (mood of an imperative verb): cohortative, exhortative

Related terms

• cohortative
• exhortative
• hortatory

See also

• jussive