different between jade vs choke

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d??e?d/
• Rhymes: -e?d

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French le jade, rebracketing of earlier l'ejade (“jade”), from Spanish piedra de ijada (“flank stone”), via Vulgar Latin *iliata from Latin ilia (“flank”). (Jade was thought to cure pains in the side.)

Noun

jade (usually uncountable, plural jades)

2. A semiprecious stone, either nephrite or jadeite, generally green or white in color, often used for carving figurines.

   Synonyms: jadestone, jade stone, yu

3. A bright shade of slightly bluish or greyish green, typical of polished jade stones.

   Synonym: jade green

4. A succulent plant, Crassula ovata.

   Synonyms: jade plant, lucky plant, money plant, money tree

Derived terms

Translations

See also

Adjective

jade (not comparable)

1. Of a grayish shade of green, typical of jade stones.

Etymology 2

From Middle English [Term?], either a variant of yaud or merely influenced by it. Yaud derives from Old Norse jalda (“mare”), from a Uralic language, such as Moksha ????? (el?de) or Erzya ????? (el?de). See yaud for more.

Noun

jade (plural jades)

1. A horse too old to be put to work.
   • 1760, Laurence Sterne, The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, London: R. & J. Dodsley, Volume I, Chapter 10, p. 36,^[2]

     Let that be as it may, as my purpose is to do exact justice to every creature brought upon the stage of this dramatic work,—I could not stifle this distinction in favour of Don Quixote’s horse;—in all other points the parson’s horse, I say, was just such another,—for he was as lean, and as lank, and as sorry a jade, as HUMILITY herself could have bestrided.

   • 1817, Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey, Chapter 11,^[3]

     My horse would have trotted to Clifton within the hour, if left to himself, and I have almost broke my arm with pulling him in to that cursed broken-winded jade’s pace.

   Synonyms: nag, yaud

2. (especially derogatory) A bad-tempered or disreputable woman.
   • c. 1598, William Shakespeare, Much Ado about Nothing, Act I, Scene 1,^[4]

     You always end with a jade’s trick: I know you of old.

   • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Dublin: John Smith, Volume I, Book I, Chapter 4, p. 14,^[5]

     However, what she withheld from the Infant, she bestowed with the utmost Profuseness on the poor unknown Mother, whom she called an impudent Slut, a wanton Hussy, an audacious Harlot, a wicked Jade, a vile Strumpet, with every other Appellation with which the Tongue of Virtue never fails to lash those who bring a Disgrace on the Sex.

   • 1847, Emily Brontë, Wuthering Heights, chapter III:

     ‘You shall pay me for the plague of having you eternally in my sight—do you hear, damnable jade?’

   • 1848, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair, Chapter 9:

     Sir Pitt Crawley was a philosopher with a taste for what is called low life. His first marriage with the daughter of the noble Binkie had been made under the auspices of his parents; and as he often told Lady Crawley in her lifetime she was such a confounded quarrelsome high-bred jade that when she died he was hanged if he would ever take another of her sort ...

Synonyms

• (bad-tempered woman): See Thesaurus:shrew or Thesaurus:woman

Translations

Verb

jade (third-person singular simple present jades, present participle jading, simple past and past participle jaded)

1. To tire, weary or fatigue

   • The mind, once jaded by an attempt above its power, […] checks at any vigorous undertaking ever after.

2. (obsolete) To treat like a jade; to spurn.
3. (obsolete) To make ridiculous and contemptible.

Synonyms

• (to tire): See Thesaurus:tire

Derived terms

• jaded

Translations

References

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ja?d?/, [?jæ?ð?]
• Rhymes: -a?d?

Noun

jade c (singular definite jaden, uncountable)

1. (mineralogy) jade

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?j?de/, [?j?de?]
• Rhymes: -?de
• Syllabification: ja?de

Noun

jade

1. (mineralogy) jade

Declension

French

Etymology

Rebracketed from earlier l'ejade (“jade”), from Spanish piedra de ijada (“flank stone”), via Vulgar Latin *iliata from Latin ilia (“flank”) (jade was thought to cure pains in the side).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ad/

Noun

jade m (plural jades)

1. jade

Descendants

Further reading

• “jade” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• déjà

Portuguese

Etymology

From French le jade, rebracketing of earlier l'ejade (“jade”), from Spanish piedra de ijada (“flank stone”), via Vulgar Latin *iliata from Latin ilia (“flank”) (jade was thought to cure pains in the side).

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ad?i

Noun

jade m (plural jades)

1. jade (gem)

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

jade (Cyrillic spelling ????)

1. vocative singular of jad

Spanish

Etymology

From French jade, back formation from le jade, rebracketing of earlier l'ejade (“jade”), from Spanish piedra de ijada (literally “flank stone”), via Vulgar Latin *iliata from Latin ilia (“flank”) (jade was thought to cure pains in the side).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?xade/, [?xa.ð?e]

Noun

jade m (plural jades)

1. (mineralogy) jade

Derived terms

• jadeíta

Anagrams

• deja

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: ch?k
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /t????k/
  • (General American) IPA^(key): /t??o?k/
• Rhymes: -??k

Etymology 1

From Middle English choken (also cheken), from Old English ??ocian, ???ocian (“to choke”), probably derived from Old English ??oce, ??ace (“jaw, cheek”), see cheek. Cognate with Icelandic kok (“throat”), koka (“to gulp”). See also achoke.

Alternative forms

• choak (obsolete)
• choake (obsolete)
• chock (dialectal)

Verb

choke (third-person singular simple present chokes, present participle choking, simple past and past participle choked)

1. (intransitive) To be unable to breathe because of obstruction of the windpipe (for instance food or other objects that go down the wrong way, or fumes or particles in the air that cause the throat to constrict).
   • 1919, Zane Grey, The Desert of Wheat, New York: Grosset & Dunlap, Chapter 6, p. 66,^[1]

     Lenore began to choke with the fine dust and to feel her eyes smart and to see it settle on her hands and dress.

2. (transitive) To prevent (someone) from breathing or talking by strangling or filling the windpipe.

   Synonyms: asphyxiate, strangle, suffocate, throttle

   • c. 1595, William Shakespeare, Richard II, Act II, Scene 1,^[2]

     With eager feeding food doth choke the feeder:

   • 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Luke 8.33,^[3]

     Then went the devils out of the man, and entered into the swine: and the herd ran violently down a steep place into the lake, and were choked.

   • 1918, Willa Cather, My Ántonia, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Chapter 15, pp. 282-283,^[4]

     The man became insane; he stood over me, choking me with one fist and beating me in the face with the other […]

3. (transitive) To obstruct (a passage, etc.) by filling it up or clogging it.

   Synonyms: block up, bung up, clog, congest, jam, obstruct, stop up

   • 1709, Joseph Addison, The Tatler, No. 120, 14 January, 1709, in The lucubrations of Isaac Bickerstaff Esq., London, 1712, Volume 3, p. 31,^[5]

     This was a Passage, so rugged, so uneven, and choaked with so many Thorns and Briars, that it was a melancholy Spectacle to behold the Pains and Difficulties which both Sexes suffered who walked through it.

   • 1961, V. S. Naipaul, A House for Mr Biswas, Penguin, 1992, Part 2, Chapter 4, p. 492,^[6]

     But at Christmas the pavements were crowded with overdressed shoppers from the country, the streets choked with slow but strident traffic.

   • 2012, Tan Twan Eng, The Garden of Evening Mists, New York: Weinstein Books, Chapter 13, p. 168,^[7]

     The waterfall is now a trickle, and the pool is choked with algae and drowned leaves and broken-off branches.

4. (transitive) To hinder or check, as growth, expansion, progress, etc.; to kill (a plant by robbing it of nutrients); to extinguish (fire by robbing it of oxygen).

   Synonyms: choke out, stifle

   • c. 1590, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 2, Act III, Scene I,^[8]

     Now ’tis the spring, and weeds are shallow-rooted;

     Suffer them now, and they’ll o’ergrow the garden

     And choke the herbs for want of husbandry.

   • 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Matthew 13.7,^[9]

     And some [seeds] fell among thorns; and the thorns sprung up, and choked them:

   • 1697, John Dryden (translator), “The Fifth Pastoral,” lines 55-56, in The Works of Virgil, London: Jacob Tonson, p. 22,^[10]

     No fruitful Crop the sickly Fields return;

     But Oats and Darnel choak the rising Corn.

   • 1998, Nuruddin Farah, Secrets, Penguin, 1999, Chapter 3, p. 67,^[11]

     I have cut maize stalks or green plants with which he means to choke the flames.

5. (intransitive, colloquial) To perform badly at a crucial stage of a competition, especially when one appears to be clearly winning.
   • 2019, “1 Point Away, Serena Stunned by Pliskova at Australian Open,” The New York Times, 22 January, 2019,^[12]

     “I can’t say that I choked on those match points,” Williams said. “She literally played her best tennis ever on those shots.”

6. (transitive) To move one's fingers very close to the tip of a pencil, brush or other art tool.
   • 1973, Wayne Otto et al., Corrective and Remedial Teaching, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2nd edition, Chapter 13, p. 361,^[13]

     A brief tryout will demonstrate that the modified grip does indeed make it difficult to “choke” the pencil or apply excessive pressure to the paper.

7. (intransitive) To be checked or stopped, as if by choking

   Synonym: stick

   • 1820, Walter Scott, Ivanhoe, Chapter 18,^[14]

     […] the words choked in his throat.

   • 1929, Thomas Wolfe, Look Homeward, Angel, New York: Modern Library, Part 3, Chapter 29, p. 413,^[15]

     Speech choked in Eugene’s throat.

8. (transitive) To check or stop (an utterance or voice) as if by choking.
   • 1684, Aphra Behn, Love-Letters between a Noble-man and his Sister, London, “The Amours of Philander and Silvia,” p. 277,^[16]

     A hundred times fain he would have spoke, but still his rising Passion choak’d his Words;

   • 1848, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair, Chapter 14,^[17]

     […] tears choked the utterance of the dame de compagnie, and she buried her crushed affections and her poor old red nose in her pocket handkerchief.

   • 1896, H. G. Wells, The Island of Doctor Moreau, Chapter 9,^[18]

     At that I opened my mouth to speak, and found a hoarse phlegm choked my voice.

   • 1905, William John Locke, The Morals of Marcus Ordeyne, Chapter 20,^[19]

     Her laugh got choked by a sob.

   • 1967, Chaim Potok, The Chosen, New York: Ballantine, 1982, Chapter 18, p. 282,^[20]

     Danny let out a soft, half-choked, trembling moan.

9. (intransitive) To have a feeling of strangulation in one's throat as a result of passion or strong emotion.
   • 1894, Israel Zangwill, The King of Schnorrers, New York: Macmillan, Chapter 2, p. 48,^[21]

     Grobstock began to choke with chagrin.

   • 2007, Ng?g? wa Thiong'o, Wizard of the Crow, New York: Knopf Doubleday, Book 3, p. 435,^[22]

     Tajirika felt himself choking with anger. How dare those hussies interfere with his business?

10. (transitive) To give (someone) a feeling of strangulation as a result of passion or strong emotion.
    • 1712, Jonathan Swift, An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity in The Works of J.S., Dublin: George Faulkner, 1735, Volume 1, p. 104,^[23]

      […] I am very sensible how much the Gentlemen of Wit and Pleasure are apt to murmur, and be choqued at the Sight of so many daggled-tail Parsons, who happen to fall in their Way, and offend their Eyes […]

    • 1773, Oliver Goldsmith, She Stoops to Conquer, London: F. Newbery, Act IV, p. 80,^[24]

      I shall run distracted. My rage choaks me.

    • 1850, Charles Dickens, David Copperfield, Chapter 13,^[25]

      And my remembrance of them both, choking me, I broke down […] and laid my face in my hands upon the table.

    • 1971, Iris Murdoch, An Accidental Man, New York: Viking, p. 42,^[26]

      Charlotte made herself stiff, controlling sudden choking emotion.

11. (transitive) To say (something) with one’s throat constricted (due to emotion, for example).
    • 1901, Rudyard Kipling, Kim, Chapter 6,^[27]

      ‘There is the padre!’ Kim choked as bare-headed Father Victor sailed down upon them from the veranda.

    • 1995, Rohinton Mistry, A Fine Balance, London: Faber and Faber, 1997, Epilogue, p. 583,^[28]

      “The bastards!” he choked. “I hope they are all caught and hanged!”

12. (transitive) To use the choke valve of (a vehicle) to adjust the air/fuel mixture in the engine.
    • 1939, John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath, New York: Viking, 1962, Chapter 26, p. 492,^[29]

      The engine caught, spluttered, and roared as Tom choked the car delicately.

13. (intransitive, fluid mechanics, of a duct) To reach a condition of maximum flowrate, due to the flow at the narrowest point of the duct becoming sonic (Ma = 1).
14. To make a choke, as in a cartridge, or in the bore of the barrel of a shotgun.

Translations

Noun

choke (plural chokes)

1. A control on a carburetor to adjust the air/fuel mixture when the engine is cold.
2. (sports) In wrestling, karate (etc.), a type of hold that can result in strangulation.
3. A constriction at the muzzle end of a shotgun barrel which affects the spread of the shot.
4. A partial or complete blockage (of boulders, mud, etc.) in a cave passage.
5. (electronics) choking coil
6. A major mistake at a crucial stage of a competition because one is nervous, especially when one is winning.

Translations

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Back-formation from artichoke.

Noun

choke (plural chokes)

1. The mass of immature florets in the centre of the bud of an artichoke.

French

Verb

choke

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t??k/

1. inflection of choker:
   1. first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
   2. second-person singular imperative

Hawaiian Creole

Etymology

From English choke.

Pronoun

choke

1. a lot, many