different between issue vs case

English

Etymology

From Middle English issue, from Old French issue (“an exit, a way out”), feminine past participle of issir (“to exit”), from Latin exe? (“go out, exit”), from prefix ex- (“out”) + e? (“go”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: ?syo?o, ?sh(y)o?o, IPA^(key): /??sju?/, /???(j)u?/
• (General American) enPR: ?sh(y)o?o, IPA^(key): /???(j)u/

Noun

issue (plural issues)

1. The action or an instance of flowing or coming out, an outflow, particularly:
   1. (military, obsolete) A movement of soldiers towards an enemy, a sortie.
   2. (medicine) The outflow of a bodily fluid, particularly (now rare) in abnormal amounts.

      The technique minimizes the issue of blood from the incision.
2. Someone or something that flows out or comes out, particularly:
   1. (medicine, now rare) The bodily fluid drained through a natural or artificial issue.
   2. (now usually historical or law) Offspring: one's natural child or children.

      He died intestate and without issue, so the extended family have all lawyered up.

   3. (figuratively) Progeny: all one's lineal descendants.

      Although his own kingdom disappeared, his issue went on to rule a quarter of Europe.

   4. (figuratively, obsolete) A race of people considered as the descendants of some common ancestor.
   5. (now rare) The produce or income derived from farmland or rental properties.

      3. A conveys to B all right to the real property aforementioned for a term of _____ years, with all said real property's attendant issues, rents, and profits.

   6. (historical or rare law) Income derived from fines levied by a court or law-enforcement officer; the fines themselves.
   7. (obsolete) The entrails of a slaughtered animal.
   8. (rare and obsolete) Any action or deed performed by a person.
   9. (obsolete) Luck considered as the favor or disfavor of nature, the gods, or God.
   10. (publishing) A single edition of a newspaper or other periodical publication.

       Yeah, I just got the June issue of Wombatboy.

   11. The entire set of some item printed and disseminated during a certain period, particularly (publishing) a single printing of a particular edition of a work when contrasted with other print runs.

       The May 1918 issue of US 24-cent stamps became famous when a printer's error inverted its depiction of an airmail plane.

   12. (figuratively, originally WWI military slang, usually with definite article) The entire set of something; all of something.

       The bloody sergeant snaffled our whole issue of booze, dammit.

   13. (finance) Any financial instrument issued by a company.

       The company's issues have included bonds, stocks, and other securities.

   14. The loan of a book etc. from a library to a patron; all such loans by a given library during a given period.
3. The means or opportunity by which something flows or comes out, particularly:
   1. (obsolete) A sewer.
4. The place where something flows or comes out, an outlet, particularly:
   1. (obsolete) An exit from a room or building.
      • 1881, Robert Louis Stevenson, Virginibus Puerisque:

        How if there were no centre at all, but just one alley after another, and the whole world a labyrinth without end or issue?

   2. (now rare) A confluence: the mouth of a river; the outlet of a lake or other body of water.
5. The action or an instance of sending something out, particularly:

   The issue of the directive from the treasury prompted the central bank's most recent issue of currency.

   1. (historical medicine) A small incision, tear, or artificial ulcer, used to drain fluid and usually held open with a pea or other small object.
      • 2005, James Harold Kirkup, The Evolution of Surgical Instruments, Ch. xxv, p. 403:

        Issues and fontanels were supposed remedies for joint diseases, pulmonary tuberculosis, and other chronic conditions.

   2. The production or distribution of something for general use.

      Congress delegated the issue of US currency to the Federal Reserve in 1913.

   3. The distribution of something (particularly rations or standardized provisions) to someone or some group.

      The uniform was standard prison issue.

   4. (finance) The action or an instance of a company selling bonds, stock, or other securities.

      The company's stock issue diluted his ownership.

6. Any question or situation to be resolved, particularly:

   Please stand by. We are having technical issues.

   1. (law) A point of law or fact in dispute or question in a legal action presented for resolution by the court.

      The issue before the court is whether participation in a group blog makes the plaintiff a public figure under the relevant statute.

   2. (figuratively) Anything in dispute, an area of disagreement whose resolution is being debated or decided.

      For chrissakes, John, don't make an issue out of it. Just sleep on the floor if you want.

   3. (rare and obsolete) A dispute between two alternatives, a dilemma.
   4. (US, originally psychology, usually in the plural) A psychological or emotional difficulty, (now informal, figuratively and usually euphemistic) any problem or concern considered as a vague and intractable difficulty.

      She has daddy issues, mommy issues, drug issues, money issues, trust issues, printer issues... I'm just sayin', girl's got issues.

7. The action or an instance of concluding something, particularly:
   1. (obsolete) The end of any action or process.
   2. (obsolete) The end of any period of time.
8. The end result of an event or events, any result or outcome, particularly:
   1. (now rare) The result of a discussion or negotiation, an agreement.
   2. (obsolete) The result of an investigation or consideration, a conclusion.
9. (figuratively, now rare) The action or an instance of feeling some emotion.
10. (figuratively, now rare) The action or an instance of leaving any state or condition.

Synonyms

• (movement of soldiers): sortie, sally; charge (rapid, usually mounted)
• (progeny): descendants, fruit of one's loins, offspring

Derived terms

Related terms

• exit

Translations

Verb

issue (third-person singular simple present issues, present participle issuing, simple past and past participle issued)

1. To flow out, to proceed from, to come out or from.

   The water issued forth from the spring.

   The rents issuing from the land permitted him to live as a man of independent means.

   • 1611, Bible (King James Version), 2 Kings, xx. 18

     ...thy sons that shall issue from thee...

   • 1918, Edgar Rice Burroughs, The Land That Time Forgot Chapter IV

     There was a very light off-shore wind and scarcely any breakers, so that the approach to the shore was continued without finding bottom; yet though we were already quite close, we saw no indication of any indention in the coast from which even a tiny brooklet might issue, and certainly no mouth of a large river such as this must necessarily be to freshen the ocean even two hundred yards from shore.

   • 1922, James Joyce, Ulysses Episode 12, The Cyclops

     A powerful current of warm breath issued at regular intervals from the profound cavity of his mouth while in rhythmic resonance the loud strong hale reverberations of his formidable heart thundered rumblingly...

2. To rush out, to sally forth.

   The men issued from the town and attacked the besiegers.

3. To extend into, to open onto.

   The road issues into the highway.

4. To turn out in a certain way, to result in.
   • 2007, John Burrow, A History of Histories, Penguin 2009, p. 171:

     But, for Livy, Roman patriotism is overriding, and this issues, of course, in an antiquarian attention to the city's origins.

5. (law) To come to a point in fact or law on which the parties join issue.
6. To send out; to put into circulation.

   The Federal Reserve issues US dollars.

7. To deliver for use.

   The prison issued new uniforms for the inmates.

8. To deliver by authority.

   The court issued a writ of mandamus.

   • 2014, Paul Doyle, "Southampton hammer eight past hapless Sunderland in barmy encounter", The Guardian, 18 October 2014:

     Five minutes later, Southampton tried to mount their first attack, but Wickham sabotaged the move by tripping the rampaging Nathaniel Clyne, prompting the referee, Andre Marriner, to issue a yellow card. That was a lone blemish on an otherwise tidy start by Poyet’s team – until, that is, the 12th minute, when Vergini produced a candidate for the most ludicrous own goal in Premier League history.

Synonyms

• (to give out): begive

Derived terms

• issuable
• issuer
• misissue

Translations

References

• issue in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

Anagrams

• Iesus, Susie, usies, ussie

French

Etymology

Old French issue

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i.sy/

Noun

issue f (plural issues)

1. exit, way out

2. outcome, result

Adjective

issue

1. feminine singular of issu

Further reading

• “issue” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Old French

Verb

issue f

1. feminine singular of the past participle of issir

Noun

issue f (oblique plural issues, nominative singular issue, nominative plural issues)

1. exit; way out
2. departure (act of leaving)

Descendants

• ? English: issue
• French: issue

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ke?s/
• Rhymes: -e?s
• Hyphenation: case

Etymology 1

Middle English cas, from Old French cas (“an event”), from Latin c?sus (“a falling, a fall; accident, event, occurrence; occasion, opportunity; noun case”), perfect passive participle of cad? (“to fall, to drop”).

Noun

case (plural cases)

1. An actual event, situation, or fact.
2. (now rare) A given condition or state.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.10:

     Ne wist he how to turne, nor to what place: / Was never wretched man in such a wofull cace.

   • 1726, Nathan Bailey, John Worlidge, Dictionarium Rusticum, Urbanicum & Botanicum

     Mares which are over-fat, hold with much difficulty; whereas those that are but in good case and plump, conceive with the greatest readiness and ease.

3. A piece of work, specifically defined within a profession.
4. (academia) An instance or event as a topic of study.
6. (law) A legal proceeding, lawsuit.
7. (grammar) A specific inflection of a word depending on its function in the sentence.

   • Now, the Subject of either an indicative or a subjunctive Clause is always assigned Nominative case, as we see from:
     (16) (a) ? I know [that they/*them/*their leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
     (16) (b) ? I demand [that they/*them/*their leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
     By contrast, the Subject of an infinitive Clause is assigned Objective case, as we see from:
     (17) ? I want [them/*they/*their to leave for Hawaii tomorrow]
     And the Subject of a gerund Clause is assigned either Objective or Genitive case: cf.
     (18) ? I don't like the idea of [them/their/*they leaving for Hawaii tomorrow]

8. (grammar, uncountable) Grammatical cases and their meanings taken either as a topic in general or within a specific language.

9. (medicine) An instance of a specific condition or set of symptoms.

10. (programming) A section of code representing one of the actions of a conditional switch.

Synonyms

Hyponyms

• court case
• See also Thesaurus:grammatical case

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

case (third-person singular simple present cases, present participle casing, simple past and past participle cased)

1. (obsolete) to propose hypothetical cases

See also

• Appendix:Grammatical cases

References

• case on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 2

From Middle English cas, from Old Northern French casse, (compare Old French chasse (“box, chest, case”)), from Latin capsa (“box, bookcase”), from capi? (“to take, seize, hold”). Doublet of cash.

Noun

case (plural cases)

2. A box that contains or can contain a number of identical items of manufacture.
3. A box, sheath, or covering generally.

4. A piece of luggage that can be used to transport an apparatus such as a sewing machine.
5. An enclosing frame or casing.

6. A suitcase.
7. A piece of furniture, constructed partially of transparent glass or plastic, within which items can be displayed.
8. The outer covering or framework of a piece of apparatus such as a computer.
9. (printing, historical) A shallow tray divided into compartments or "boxes" for holding type, traditionally arranged in sets of two, the "upper case" (containing capitals, small capitals, accented) and "lower case" (small letters, figures, punctuation marks, quadrats, and spaces).
10. (typography, by extension) The nature of a piece of alphabetic type, whether a “capital” (upper case) or “small” (lower case) letter.
11. (poker slang) Four of a kind.
12. (US) A unit of liquid measure used to measure sales in the beverage industry, equivalent to 192 fluid ounces.
13. (mining) A small fissure which admits water into the workings.

    (Can we find and add a quotation of Knight to this entry?)

14. A thin layer of harder metal on the surface of an object whose deeper metal is allowed to remain soft.
15. A cardboard box that holds (usually 24) beer bottles or cans.

    Synonym: carton

Hyponyms

Translations

References

• Weisenberg, Michael (2000) The Official Dictionary of Poker. MGI/Mike Caro University. ?ISBN

Adjective

case (not comparable)

1. (poker slang) The last remaining card of a particular rank.
   • 2006, David Apostolico, Lessons from the Professional Poker Tour (page 21)

     If he did have a bigger ace, I still had at least six outs — the case ace, two nines, and three tens. I could also have more outs if he held anything less than A-K.

References

• Weisenberg, Michael (2000) The Official Dictionary of Poker. MGI/Mike Caro University. ?ISBN

Verb

case (third-person singular simple present cases, present participle casing, simple past and past participle cased)

1. (transitive) To place (an item or items of manufacture) into a box, as in preparation for shipment.
2. (transitive) To cover or protect with, or as if with, a case; to enclose.
   • 1856-1858, William H. Prescott, History of the Reign of Philip II

     The man who, cased in steel, had passed whole days and nights in the saddle.

3. (transitive, informal) To survey (a building or other location) surreptitiously, as in preparation for a robbery.
   • 1977, Michael Innes, The Gay Phoenix, ?ISBN, page 116:

     You are in the grounds of Brockholes Abbey, a house into which a great deal of valuable property has just been moved. And your job is to case the joint for a break in.

   • 2014, Amy Goodman, From COINTELPRO to Snowden, the FBI Burglars Speak Out After 43 Years of Silence (Part 2), Democracy Now!, January 8, 2014, 0:49 to 0:57:

     Bonnie worked as a daycare director. She helped case the FBI office by posing as a college student interested in becoming an FBI agent.

Translations

Derived terms

• case the deck

Anagrams

• ACEs, ASCE, Aces, Ceas, ESCA, SCEA, aces, aesc, esca, æsc

Afar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???se/

Verb

casé

1. (transitive) hit

Conjugation

References

• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)?^[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page 263

Asturian

Verb

case

1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive of casar

Chinese

Alternative forms

• K?

Etymology

Borrowed from English case.

Pronunciation

Noun

case

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) case (clarification of this definition is needed)
   • 2015, ???, ????????? II??????????

     ????case???????????????case?? [Cantonese, trad.]
     ????case???????????????case?? [Cantonese, simp.]

     ni¹ go³ hou² do¹ kei¹ si² gaa³. ni¹ jat¹ go³, zau⁶ hai⁶ zoeng¹ gwok³ wing⁴, jau⁵ gam² go³ kei¹ si² laa¹. [Jyutping]

     That kind of case happens often. It happened with Leslie Cheung.

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin casa, in the sense of "hut, cabin". The other senses are a semantic loan from Spanish casa. Doublet of chez, which was inherited.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k?z/
• Homophone: cases

Noun

case f (plural cases)

1. (archaic, rare or regional) hut, cabin, shack
2. box (on form)
3. square (on board game)

Derived terms

• case départ
• case à cocher

Further reading

• “case” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• à sec

Galician

Alternative forms

• caixe

Etymology

Attested since the 15th century (quasy), from Latin quasi (“as if”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?k?s?]

Adverb

case

1. almost

References

• “quasy” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
• “case” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
• “case” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “case” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Italian

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ca?se

Noun

case f

1. plural of casa

Anagrams

• asce, esca, seca

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?t?sas?/, [?t?sas?]

Noun

case

1. nominative/accusative plural of cas

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *k?si, from late Proto-West Germanic *k?s?, borrowed from Latin c?seus.

Noun

câse m or n

1. cheese

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative forms

• kese (eastern)

Descendants

• Dutch: kaas
  • Afrikaans: kaas
    • ? Sotho: kase
    • ? Tswana: kase
  • ? Papiamentu: keshi (from the diminutive)
  • ? Sranan Tongo: kasi
• Limburgish: kieës, kees

Further reading

• “case”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “case (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN, page I

Old French

Noun

case m (oblique plural cases, nominative singular cases, nominative plural case)

1. (grammar) case

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: ca?se
• Rhymes: -azi

Verb

case

1. first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of casar
2. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of casar
3. third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of casar
4. third-person singular (você) negative imperative of casar

Romanian

Noun

case

1. plural of cas?

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?kase/, [?ka.se]

Verb

case

1. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of casar.
2. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of casar.
3. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of casar.
4. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of casar.

Venetian

Noun

case

1. plural of casa