different between interpretation vs abstract
interpretation
English
Etymology
From Middle English [Term?], from Anglo-Norman [Term?], from Old French [Term?], from Latin interpret?ti?, noun of action from interpretor (“to explain, expound, interpret, understand, conclude, infer, comprehend”)Morphologically interpret +? -ation
Pronunciation
- (General American) IPA(key): /?nt?p???te???n/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /?nt?p???te???n/
- Rhymes: -e???n
- Hyphenation: in?ter?pre?ta?tion
Noun
interpretation (countable and uncountable, plural interpretations)
- (countable) An act of interpreting or explaining something unclear; a translation; a version.
- (countable) A sense given by an interpreter; an exposition or explanation given; meaning .
- Commentators give various interpretations of the same passage of Scripture.
- (uncountable, linguistics, translation studies) The discipline or study of translating one spoken or signed language into another (as opposed to translation, which concerns itself with written language).
- 1994, Richard K. Seymour, University of Hawaii at Manoa. Translation and Interpreting: Bridging East and West : Selected Conference Papers, University of Hawaii Press (?ISBN), page 11
- I believe that interpretation, particularly consecutive interpretation, is an art. I also believe, however, that the skill of consecutive interpretation can be taught, but only up to a point.
- 2002, Alessandra Riccardi, Translation Studies: Perspectives on an Emerging Discipline, Cambridge University Press (?ISBN), page 90
- Interpretation studies is a young discipline, much younger than translation studies, and it cannot claim a long tradition and history of reflexions [sic] and studies.
- 2013, Sana Loue, Handbook of Immigrant Health, Springer Science & Business Media (?ISBN), page 61
- The most pervasive need of non-English-speaking immigrants and refugees is interpretation for every English transaction. Interpretation is needed in stores, schools, and job training, and it is of critical importance in health care.
- Synonym: interpreting
- Hyponyms: simultaneous interpretation, consecutive interpretation
- 1994, Richard K. Seymour, University of Hawaii at Manoa. Translation and Interpreting: Bridging East and West : Selected Conference Papers, University of Hawaii Press (?ISBN), page 11
- (uncountable) The power of explaining.
- (countable) An artist's way of expressing his thought or embodying his conception of nature.
- (countable) An act or process of applying general principles or formulae to the explanation of the results obtained in special cases.
- (countable, physics) An approximation that allows aspects of a mathematical theory to be discussed in ordinary language.
- (countable, logic, model theory) An assignment of a truth value to each propositional symbol of a propositional calculus.
- the practice and discipline of explaining natural and cultural heritage to visitors at museums, historic sites, zoos, aquaria, science centres, art galleries, etc. Also called heritage interpretation, mediation, guiding, etc.
Derived terms
- consecutive interpretation
- simultaneous interpretation
Related terms
- interpret
- interpretative
- interpreter
- interpretive
Translations
See also
- (logic): valuation
Further reading
- interpretation in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- interpretation in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
interpretation From the web:
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abstract
English
Etymology
From Middle English abstract, borrowed from Latin abstractus, perfect passive participle of abstrah? (“draw away”), formed from abs- (“away”) + trah? (“to pull, draw”). The verbal sense is first attested in 1542.
Pronunciation
- Noun:
- IPA(key): /?æb?st?ækt/
- Adjective:
- (UK) IPA(key): /?æb?st?ækt/
- (US) IPA(key): /?æb?st?ækt/, /?b?st?ækt/, /?æb?st?ækt/
- Verb:
- IPA(key): /?æb?st?ækt/, /?b?st?ækt/
Noun
abstract (plural abstracts)
- An abridgement or summary of a longer publication. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
- An analysis and abstract of every treatise he had read.
- Something that concentrates in itself the qualities of a larger item, or multiple items. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]
- 1628, John Ford, The Lover's Melancholy
- Man, the abstract Of all perfection, which the workmanship Of Heaven hath modeled.
- Concentrated essence of a product.
- (medicine) A powdered solid extract of a medicinal substance mixed with lactose.
- 1628, John Ford, The Lover's Melancholy
- An abstraction; an abstract term; that which is abstract. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]
- 1843, John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic
- The concretes "father" and "son" have, or might have, the abstracts "paternity" and "filiety".
- 1843, John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic
- The theoretical way of looking at things; something that exists only in idealized form. [First attested in the early 17th century.]
- (art) An abstract work of art. [First attested in the early 20th century.]
- (real estate) A summary title of the key points detailing a tract of land, for ownership; abstract of title.
Usage notes
- (theoretical way of looking at things): Preceded, typically, by the.
Synonyms
- (statement summarizing the important points of a text): abridgment, compendium, epitome, synopsis
Derived terms
- abstract of title
Descendants
- Norwegian Bokmål: abstrakt
Translations
Adjective
abstract (comparative more abstract or abstracter, superlative most abstract or abstractest)
- (obsolete) Derived; extracted. [Attested from around 1350 to 1470 until the late 15th century.]
- (now rare) Drawn away; removed from; apart from; separate. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
- 17th century, John Norris (philosopher), The Oxford Dictionary:
- The more abstract we are from the body ... the more fit we shall be to behold divine light.
- 17th century, John Norris (philosopher), The Oxford Dictionary:
- Not concrete: conceptual, ideal. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
- Synonyms: conceptual, ideal, imaginary, incorporeal, intangible, nonempirical, theoretical
- Antonyms: actual, concrete, corporeal, empirical
- Difficult to understand; abstruse; hard to conceptualize. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
- Synonym: abstruse
- Separately expressing a property or attribute of an object that is considered to be inherent to that object: attributive, ascriptive. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
- Synonyms: attributive, ascriptive
- 1843, John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, Volume 1, page 34,
- A concrete name is a name which stands for a thing; an abstract name which stands for an attribute of a thing...
- Pertaining comprehensively to, or representing, a class or group of objects, as opposed to any specific object; considered apart from any application to a particular object: general, generic, nonspecific; representational. [First attested by Locke in 1689.]
- Synonyms: general, generalized, generic, nonspecific, representational
- Antonyms: discrete, specific, particular, precise
- 1843, John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, Volume 1, page 34,
- A concrete name is a name which stands for a thing; an abstract name which stands for an attribute of a thing. […] A practice, however, has grown up in more modern times, which, if not introduced by Locke, has gained currency from his example, of applying the expression "abstract name" to all names which are the result of abstraction and generalization, and consequently to all general names, instead of confining it to the names of attributes.
- (archaic) Absent-minded. [First attested in the early 16th century.]
- abstract, as in a trance
- (art) Pertaining to the formal aspect of art, such as the lines, colors, shapes, and the relationships among them. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]
- (art, often capitalized) Free from representational qualities, in particular the non-representational styles of the 20th century. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]
- (music) Absolute.
- (dance) Lacking a story.
- Insufficiently factual.
- Synonym: formal
- Apart from practice or reality; vague; theoretical; impersonal; not applied.
- Synonyms: conceptual, theoretical
- Antonyms: applied, practical
- (grammar) As a noun, denoting an intangible as opposed to an object, place, or person.
- (computing) Of a class in object-oriented programming, being a partial basis for subclasses rather than a complete template for objects.
Derived terms
Translations
See also
- reify
Verb
abstract (third-person singular simple present abstracts, present participle abstracting, simple past and past participle abstracted)
- (transitive) To separate; to disengage. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
- (transitive) To remove; to take away; withdraw. [First attested in the late 15th century.]
- (transitive, euphemistic) To steal; to take away; to remove without permission. [First attested in the late 15th century.]
- 1872, William Black, The Strange Adventures of a Phaeton
- Von Rosen had quietly abstracted the bearing-reins from the harness.
- 2014, A P Simester, J R Spencer, G R Sullivan, Simester and Sullivan's Criminal Law: Theory and Doctrine
- Section 13 of the 1968 Act enacts a separate offence of dishonestly abstracting electricity. The separate offence is needed because electricity, like other forms of energy such as heat, is not property.
- 1872, William Black, The Strange Adventures of a Phaeton
- (transitive) To summarize; to abridge; to epitomize. [First attested in the late 16th century.]
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Franklin to this entry?)
- To conceptualize an ideal subgroup by means of the generalization of an attribute, as follows: by apprehending an attribute inherent to one individual, then separating that attribute and contemplating it by itself, then conceiving of that attribute as a general quality, then despecifying that conceived quality with respect to several or many individuals, and by then ideating a group composed of those individuals perceived to possess said quality.
- (transitive, obsolete) To extract by means of distillation. [Attested from the early 17th century until the early 18th century.]
- (transitive) To consider abstractly; to contemplate separately or by itself; to consider theoretically; to look at as a general quality. [First attested in the early 17th century.]
- (intransitive, reflexive, literally, figuratively) To withdraw oneself; to retire. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]
- (transitive) To draw off (interest or attention).
- June 1869, William Blackwood, Late for the Train (published in Blackwood's Magazine)
- The young stranger had been abstracted and silent.
- He was wholly abstracted by other objects.
- June 1869, William Blackwood, Late for the Train (published in Blackwood's Magazine)
- (intransitive, rare) To perform the process of abstraction.
- 1710, George Berkeley, A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
- I own myself able to abstract in one sense.
- 1710, George Berkeley, A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
- (intransitive, fine arts) To create abstractions.
- (intransitive, computing) To produce an abstraction, usually by refactoring existing code. Generally used with "out".
- He abstracted out the square root function.
Conjugation
Usage notes
- (to separate or disengage): Followed by the word from.
- (to withdraw oneself): Followed by the word from.
- (to summarize): Pronounced predominantly as /?æb?strækt/.
- All other senses are pronounced as /æb?strækt/.
Synonyms
- (to remove, separate, take away, or withdraw): remove, separate, take away, withdraw
- (to abridge, epitomize, or summarize): abridge, epitomize, summarize
- (to filch, purloin, or steal): filch, purloin, steal
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
References
- abstract at OneLook Dictionary Search
- abstract in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
- abstract in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- abstract in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
Dutch
Etymology
Borrowed from Middle French abstract, from Latin abstractus; cf. English abstract.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?p?str?kt/
- Hyphenation: ab?stract
- Rhymes: -?kt
Adjective
abstract (comparative abstracter, superlative abstractst)
- abstract
- (art) abstract
- Antonym: figuratief
Inflection
Derived terms
- abstractie
Descendants
- Afrikaans: abstrak
- ? Indonesian: abstrak
Middle English
Alternative forms
- abstracte
Etymology
From Latin abstractus, from abstrah?.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ab?strakt(?)/
Adjective
abstract (Late Middle English, rare)
- Drawn away or out of; detached:
- Excerpted; quoted from another text.
- Out of one's mind or detached from reality; temporarily insane.
- Having been (pulled or moved) above the ground.
- Barely comprehensible; hard to read.
- (grammar) Abstract (of a noun).
Related terms
Descendants
- English: abstract
- Scots: abstract
References
- “abstract, ppl.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-24.
Noun
abstract
- (Late Middle English, rare) abstract, synopsis
Descendants
- English: abstract
- Norwegian Bokmål: abstrakt
- Scots: abstract
References
- “abstract, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-24.
Romanian
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin abstractus, German Abstrakt.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ab?strakt/
Adjective
abstract m or n (feminine singular abstract?, masculine plural abstrac?i, feminine and neuter plural abstracte)
- abstract
Declension
Antonyms
- concret
Related terms
References
Scots
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??bstrak(t)/
Noun
abstract (plural abstracts)
- abstract
Adjective
abstract (comparative mair abstract, superlative maist abstract)
- abstract
Verb
abstract (third-person singular present abstracts, present participle abstractin, past abstractt, past participle abstractt)
- abstract
abstract From the web:
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