different between indebtedness vs arrear

English

Etymology

From indebted +? -ness.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?n?d?t?dn?s/

Noun

indebtedness (usually uncountable, plural indebtednesses)

1. State of owing money; being in debt.
2. The state of owing something or being under obligation to someone.
   • 2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin 2003, p. 120-1:

     Strong on administrative competence, the ministers as a group were united in their indebtedness to Fleury and in a collective mistrust of any putative successor from the court.

3. The amount owed.
4. All debts totalled.

Translations

English

Etymology

From Middle English arere, from Old French arere, ariere, from Vulgar Latin *ad retro (“to the rear”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?????/
• Rhymes: -??(?)

Adverb

arrear (comparative more arrear, superlative most arrear)

1. (obsolete) Towards the rear, backwards. [14th-16th c.]
   • 1591, Edmund Spenser, Virgil's Gnat, ll. 465-8:

     She, (Ladie) having well before approoved / The feends to be too cruell and severe, / Observ'd th' appointed way, as her behooved, / Ne ever did her ey-sight turne arere [...].

2. (obsolete) Behind time; overdue. [15th-19th c.]
   • 1803, Edward Hyde East, Reports of cases Argued and determined in the Court of King's Bench, London 1814, vol. 3, p. 559:

     In case the annuity should be arrear for sixty days being lawfully demanded, then the trustee might enter upon the premises assigned [...].

Noun

arrear (plural arrears)

1. Work to be done, obligation.
   • November 4, 1866, James David Forbes, letter to E. C. Batten

     I have a large arrear of letters to write.

   • 1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula

     My own work, with its manifold arrears, took me all day to clear off.
2. Unpaid debt.
3. That which is in the rear or behind.

Translations

Portuguese

Etymology

Possibly from a Vulgar Latin *arred?re (“arrange, provide”), from Gothic.

Verb

arrear (first-person singular present indicative arreio, past participle arreado)

1. (transitive) to harness (to place a harness on something)

   Synonym: aparelhar

Conjugation

Derived terms

• arreio

Spanish

Etymology

Possibly from a Vulgar Latin *arred?re (“arrange, provide”), from Gothic *???????????????? (*r?þs, “advice”). Cognate with English array. Less likely from arre +? -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /are?a?/, [a.re?a?]

Verb

arrear (first-person singular present arreo, first-person singular preterite arreé, past participle arreado)

1. to urge
2. to harness
3. to drive (cattle), herd

Conjugation

Further reading

• “arrear” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

References