different between incubus vs incuba

English

Etymology

From Late Latin incubus, from Latin incub? (“nightmare, one who lies down on the sleeper”), from incub?re (“to lie upon, to hatch”), from in- (“on”) + cub?re (“to lie down”).

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /???.kj?.b?s/, /??n.kj?.b?s/
• Homophone: incubous

Noun

incubus (plural incubi or incubuses)

1. (mediaeval folklore) An evil spirit supposed to oppress people while asleep, especially to have sex with women as they sleep.

   Antonym: succubus

   Hypernyms: evil spirit, spirit

2. A feeling of oppression during sleep, sleep paralysis; night terrors, a nightmare.

   Synonym: nightmare

   • , vol. I, New York 2001, p.249:

     it increaseth fearful dreams, incubus, night-walking, crying out, and much unquietness  […] .

3. (by extension) Any oppressive thing or person; a burden.
   • August 1935, Clark Ashton Smith, Weird Tales, "The Treader of the Dust":

     Again he felt the impulse of flight: but his body was a dry dead incubus that refused to obey his volition.

   • 2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin 2003, p. 132-3:

     Notions of civic virtue were at that moment changing, in ways which would make of Louis's alleged vices an incubus on the back of the monarchy.

4. (entomology) One of various of parasitic insects, especially subfamily Aphidiinae.

Translations

See also

• incubous
• succubus

Further reading

• incubus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Dutch

Etymology

From Late Latin incubus, from Latin incubo (“nightmare, one who lies down on the sleeper”), from incubare (“to lie upon, to hatch”).

Noun

incubus m (plural incubussen or incubi, diminutive incubusje n)

1. An incubus, evil spirit
2. A nightmare, horrible dream
3. A burden, obsession, yoke

Synonyms

• (nightmare) nachtmerrie

See also

• succubus m

Latin

Etymology

From incub?¹ (“I lie upon”, “I brood over”, “I am a burden to”), perhaps via an alteration of the Classical incub?² (“incubus”, “nightmare”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?in.ku.bus/, [???k?b?s?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?in.ku.bus/, [?i?kubus]

Noun

incubus m (genitive incub?); second declension

1. (Late Latin) the nightmare, incubus
   • (Can we find and add a quotation of Augustine of Hippo to this entry?)
   • (Can we find and add a quotation of Isidore of Seville to this entry?)

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Synonyms

• (nightmare, incubus): incubitor, incub?

Descendants

• Dutch: incubus
• English: incubus
• French: incube
• German: Incubus
• Italian: incubo
• Portuguese: íncubo
• Russian: ?????? (inkúb)
• Spanish: incubo

References

• inc?bus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• INCUBI in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• inc?bus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette, page 801/1
• Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) , “incubo (genet. -onis), incubus”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 524/2

English

Etymology

A respelling of incubus, substituting the (Latin second-declension nominative singular) masculine case ending -us with its (first-declension) feminine equivalent -a; compare succuba, succubus.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: ?n?kyo?ob?, IPA^(key): /??nkju?b?/

Noun

incuba (plural incubae)

1. (nonce word) A female incubus.

References

• “incuba” listed in the Oxford English Dictionary [2^nd Ed.; 1989]

French

Verb

incuba

1. third-person singular past historic of incuber

Anagrams

• cubain, Cubain

Italian

Verb

incuba

1. third-person singular present indicative of incubare
2. second-person singular imperative of incubare

Anagrams

• cubani

Latin

Verb

incub?

1. second-person singular present active imperative of incub?

Portuguese

Verb

incuba

1. third-person singular present indicative of incubar
2. second-person singular imperative of incubar

Romanian

Etymology

From French incuber.

Verb

a incuba (third-person singular present incubeaz?, past participle incubat) 1st conj.

1. to incubate

Conjugation

Spanish

Verb

incuba

1. Informal second-person singular (tú) affirmative imperative form of incubar.
2. Formal second-person singular (usted) present indicative form of incubar.
3. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present indicative form of incubar.