different between incision vs gouge

English

Etymology

From Middle English incision, from Old French incision, from Late Latin incisi? from the verb incid? (“I cut into”) + action noun suffix -i?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?n?s???n/
• Rhymes: -???n

Noun

incision (countable and uncountable, plural incisions)

1. A cut, especially one made by a scalpel or similar medical tool in the context of surgical operation; the scar resulting from such a cut.
   • c. 1595, William Shakespeare, Richard II, Act I, Scene 1,^[1]

     Wrath-kindled gentlemen, be ruled by me;

     Let’s purge this choler without letting blood:

     This we prescribe, though no physician;

     Deep malice makes too deep incision;

   • 1922, Sinclair Lewis, Babbitt, Chapter 33,^[2]

     Gunch was so humorous that Mrs. Babbitt said he must “stop making her laugh because honestly it was hurting her incision.”

   • 1999, Ahdaf Soueif, The Map of Love, London: Bloomsbury, 2000, Chapter 28, p. 470,^[3]

     In the midst of the men a black upright stove sends out its heat. On the glowing holes at the top Ya‘qub Artin has carefully placed some chestnuts, each with a neat incision in its side.

2. The act of cutting into a substance.
   • 1539, Thomas Elyot (compiler), The Castel of Helthe, London, Book 3, Chapter 6,^[4]

     The parte of Euacuation by lettyng of blud, is incision or cuttyng of the vayne, wherby the bloud, whiche is cause of syckenes or grefe to the hole body, or any particular part therof, doth most aptly passe.

   • 1649, John Milton, Eikonoklastes, London, pp. 94-95,^[5]

     Never considering […] that these miseries of the people are still his own handy work, having smitt’n them like a forked Arrow so sore into the Kingdoms side, as not to be drawn out and cur’d without the incision of more flesh.

   • 1800, William Hayley, An Essay on Sculpture, London: T. Cadell Junior and W. Davies, Epistle 4, p. 89,^[6]

     Mnesarchus, early as a sculptor known,

     From nice incision of the costly stone,

   • 1964, William Trevor, The Old Boys, Penguin, 2014, Chapter 21,^[7]

     Slowly, as meticulously as if engaged upon a surgical incision, Mr Nox opened his mail.

3. (obsolete) Separation or solution of viscid matter by medicines.
4. (figuratively) This term needs a definition. Please help out and add a definition, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Related terms

Translations

Anagrams

• inosinic

French

Etymology

First known attestation 1314 in the French translation of Chirurgie by Henri de Mondeville. Learned borrowing from Latin incisi?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??.si.zj??/

Noun

incision f (plural incisions)

1. (medicine, general use) incision

English

Etymology

From Middle English gouge (“chisel with concave blade; gouge”), from Old French gouge, goi (“gouge”), from Late Latin goia, gubia, gulbia (“chisel; piercer”), borrowed from Gaulish *gulbi?, from Proto-Celtic *gulb?, *gulbi, *gulb?nos (“beak, bill”). The English word is cognate with Italian gorbia, gubbia (“ferrule”), Old Breton golb, Old Irish gulba (“beak”), Portuguese goiva, Scottish Gaelic gilb (“chisel”), Spanish gubia (“chisel, gouge”), Welsh gylf (“beak; pointed instrument”), gylyf (“sickle”).

The verb is derived from the noun.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?a?d?/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?a?d?/
• Rhymes: -a?d??

Noun

gouge (countable and uncountable, plural gouges)

1. Senses relating to cutting tools.
   1. A chisel with a curved blade for cutting or scooping channels, grooves, or holes in wood, stone, etc.
   2. A bookbinder's tool with a curved face, used for blind tooling or gilding.
   3. An incising tool that cuts blanks or forms for envelopes, gloves, etc., from leather, paper, or other materials.
2. A cut or groove, as left by a gouge or something sharp.
3. (originally US, colloquial) An act of gouging.
4. (slang) A cheat, a fraud; an imposition.

   Synonym: swindle

5. (slang) An impostor.
6. (mining) Soft material lying between the wall of a vein and the solid vein of ore.
7. (US, military, slang, uncountable) Information.
   • 2005, Jay A. Stout, To Be a U.S. Naval Aviator (page 63)

     As all naval aviators have learned at one time or another in their careers, “There's plenty of bad gouge out there," and it has, does, and will get the unwary fliers in trouble.

   • 2013, Douglas Waller, Air Warriors: The Inside Story of the Making of a Navy Pilot (page 89)

     The Marines and “Coasties” (the nickname for Coast Guard students) were reputed to have good gouge on each class's test. Rumor had it that the Marines had inside information on the questions for the next day's FRR test, […]

Derived terms

• fault gouge
• gouge bit

Translations

Verb

gouge (third-person singular simple present gouges, present participle gouging, simple past and past participle gouged)

1. (transitive) To make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping with or as if with a gouge.

   Synonyms: engrave, grave, incise
2. (transitive) To cheat or impose upon; in particular, to charge an unfairly or unreasonably high price.

   Synonyms: defraud, swindle
3. (transitive, intransitive) To dig or scoop (something) out with or as if with a gouge; in particular, to use a thumb to push or try to push the eye (of a person) out of its socket.
4. (intransitive) To use a gouge.

Derived terms

• gouger
• gouging (noun)
• price gouging
• regouge

Translations

References

Further reading

• chisel – gouge on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• gouge (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “gouge”, in Online Etymology Dictionary

French

Etymology

Old French gouge, from Latin gulbia (Late Latin gubia), of Gaulish or Basque origins.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?u?/
• Rhymes: -u?

Noun

gouge f (plural gouges)

1. gouge (groove)
2. gouge (tool)
3. (obsolete) female servant
4. (archaic) prostitute
   • 1857, Charles Baudelaire, Bribes - Damnation,

     On peut les comparer encore à cette auberge, / Espoir des affamés, où cognent sur le tard, / Blessés, brisés, jurant, priant qu’on les héberge, / L’écolier, le prélat, la gouge et le soudard.

     They can also be compared to this inn, / Hope to the starved, where in the night knock, / Injured, broken, cursing, begging to be lodged, / The schoolboy, the prelate, the prostitute and the soldier.

Verb

gouge

1. first-person singular present indicative of gouger
2. third-person singular present indicative of gouger
3. first-person singular present subjunctive of gouger
4. third-person singular present subjunctive of gouger
5. second-person singular imperative of gouger

Further reading

• “gouge” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Old French

Etymology

From Late Latin gubia, from Latin gulbia.

Noun

gouge f (oblique plural gouges, nominative singular gouge, nominative plural gouges)

1. gouge (tool)
2. (chiefly derogatory) woman

Descendants

• English: gouge
• French: gouge

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (gouge, supplement)