different between impact vs bumper

English

Etymology

From Latin imp?ctus, perfect passive participle of imping? (“dash against, impinge”).

Pronunciation

• (noun): enPR: im?p?kt, IPA^(key): /??mpækt/
• (verb): enPR: im-p?kt?, IPA^(key): /?m?pækt/
• • Rhymes: -ækt

Noun

impact (countable and uncountable, plural impacts)

1. The striking of one body against another; collision.
2. The force or energy of a collision of two objects.

3. (chiefly medicine) A forced impinging.

4. A significant or strong influence; an effect.

Usage notes

• Adjectives often applied to "impact": social, political, physical, positive, negative, good, bad, beneficial, harmful, significant, great, important, strong, big, small, real, huge, likely, actual, potential, devastating, disastrous, true, primary.
• The adposition generally used with "impact" is "on" (such as in last example in section above)
• There are English speakers who are so averse to the verb sense that they have become hypersensitive to the use of the figurative noun sense, with a low threshold for labeling such use as overuse (cliché). In defensive editing, the solution is to replace the figurative noun sense with effect and the verb sense with affect, which nearly always produces an acceptable result. (Rarely, a phrase such as "the impact of late effects" is better stetted to avoid "the effect of [...] effects".)

Derived terms

Related terms

• impinge

Translations

Verb

impact (third-person singular simple present impacts, present participle impacting, simple past and past participle impacted)

1. (transitive) To collide or strike, the act of impinging.

   When the hammer impacts the nail, it bends.

2. (transitive) To compress; to compact; to press into something or pack together.

   The footprints of birds do not impact the soil in the way those of dinosaurs do.

3. (transitive, proscribed) To influence; to affect; to have an impact on.

   I can make the changes, but it will impact the schedule.

4. (transitive, rare) To stamp or impress onto something.

   Ideas impacted on the mind.

Usage notes

Some authorities object to the verb sense of impact meaning "to influence; to affect; to have an impact on". Although most verbification instances in English draw no prescriptive attention, a few do, including this one. To avoid annoying those readers who care, one can replace the verb sense with affect, which nearly always produces an acceptable result. See also the usage note for the noun sense.

Derived terms

• impaction
• impactor

Translations

French

Etymology

From Latin, see above.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??.pakt/

Noun

impact m (plural impacts)

1. (literally or figuratively) impact

Further reading

• “impact” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Romanian

Etymology

From French impact, from Latin impactus.

Noun

impact n (plural impacturi)

1. impact

Declension

English

Etymology

From bump +? -er.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?b?mp?(?)/
• Rhymes: -?mp?(?)

Noun

bumper (plural bumpers)

1. Someone or something that bumps.
2. (obsolete) A drinking vessel filled to the brim.
   • 1749, Henry Fielding, Tom Jones, Folio Society 1973, p. 443:

     […] they now shook hands heartily, and drank bumpers of strong beer to healths which we think proper to bury in oblivion.

   • 1818, Keats, Written in the cottage where Burns was born:

     Yet can I gulp a bumper to thy name,—

     O smile among the shades, for this is fame!

   • 1848, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair, Chapter 8:

     Mr. Horrocks served myself and my pupils with three little glasses of wine, and a bumper was poured out for my lady.

   • 1859, Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities, chapter 11

     Sydney Carton drank the punch at a great rate; drank it by bumpers, looking at his friend.

3. (colloquial, now chiefly attributive) Anything large or successful.
4. (automotive, US) Parts at the front and back of a vehicle which are meant to absorb the impact of a collision; fender.
5. Any mechanical device used to absorb an impact, soften a collision, or protect against impact.
   • The company sells screw-on rubber bumpers and feet.
6. (cricket) A bouncer.
7. (billiards) A side wall of a pool table.
8. (broadcasting) A short ditty or jingle used to separate a show from the advertisements.
9. (slang, dated) A covered house at a theatre, etc., in honour of some favourite performer.
10. (slang, Caribbean, Jamaican) A woman's posterior, particularly one that is considered full and desirable.
11. (music) An extra musician (not notated in the score) who assists the principal French horn by playing less-exposed passages, so that the principal can save their 'lip' for difficult solos. Also applied to other sections of the orchestra.
12. (pinball) An object on a playfield that applies force to the pinball when hit, often giving a minor increase in score.
13. (Australia, slang) A cigarette butt.

Descendants

Translations

Adjective

bumper (not comparable)

1. (colloquial) Large; filled to the bumpers at the top of a silo.

   We harvested a bumper crop of arugula and parsnips this year.

Translations

Verb

bumper (third-person singular simple present bumpers, present participle bumpering, simple past and past participle bumpered)

1. (obsolete, intransitive) To drink from the vessels called bumpers.

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bomp?r/, [?b??mb??r]
• Homophone: bomber

Verb

bumper

1. present tense of bumpe

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English bumper.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?b?mp?r/
• Hyphenation: bum?per
• Rhymes: -?mp?r

Noun

bumper m (plural bumpers, diminutive bumpertje n)

1. bumper of a car, fender

Derived terms

• bumperkleven
• bumpersticker

Descendants

• Indonesian: bumper, bemper

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch bumper, from English bumper.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?b?mp?r]
• Hyphenation: bum?pêr

Noun

bumpêr (first-person possessive bumperku, second-person possessive bumpermu, third-person possessive bumpernya)

1. bumper.

Alternative forms

• bemper

Further reading

• “bumper” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Spanish

Noun

bumper m (plural bumpers)

1. bumper of a car