different between illegitimate vs brutal

English

Etymology

Based on Latin illegitimus; equivalent to il- +? legitimate.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?l??d??t?m?t/
• (General American) IPA^(key): [?l??d?????m?t]
• (General New Zealand) IPA^(key): /?l??d??t?m?t/

Adjective

illegitimate (comparative more illegitimate, superlative most illegitimate)

1. Not conforming to known principles, or established or accepted rules or standards.

   Synonym: invalid

   Antonym: valid

   • 1792, Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, London: J. Johnson, Part 1, Chapter 2, p. 38,^[1]

     […] it may be impossible to convince them that the illegitimate power which they obtain, by degrading themselves, is a curse […]

   • 1927, J. B. S. Haldane, “Possible Worlds” in Possible Worlds and Other Essays, London: Chatto and Windus,^[2]

     The so-called interstellar space […] has not the properties of ordinary space. It will not conduct sound, nor can a human being move through it. It is therefore illegitimate to measure it in miles.

   • 2009, J. M. Coetzee, Summertime, New York: Viking, “Martin,” p. 209,^[3]

     Our attitude was that, to put it briefly, our presence there [in South Africa] was legal but illegitimate. We had an abstract right to be there, a birthright, but the basis of that right was fraudulent. Our presence was grounded in a crime, namely colonial conquest, perpetuated by apartheid.

2. Not in accordance with the law.

   Synonyms: illegal, illicit, unlawful

   Antonym: legal

   • 1914, Theodore Dreiser, The Titan, New York: John Lane, Chapter 54, p. 475,^[4]

     […] if things went on at this rate it would be doubtful soon whether ever again he would be able to win another election by methods legitimate or illegitimate.

3. Not sanctioned by marriage.
   • 1783, Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, London: W. Strahan and T. Cadell, Volume 1, Chapter 8, p. 317,^[5]

     If we credit the scandal of the former [i.e. his enemies], Artaxerxes sprang from the illegitimate commerce of a tanner’s wife with a common soldier.

   • 1916, Abraham Brill (translator), Leonardo da Vinci: A Psychosexual Study of an Infantile Reminiscence, New York: Moffat, Yard, Chapter 6, p. 118,^[6]

     His illegitimate birth deprived him of the influence of a father until perhaps his fifth year […]

   1. Born to unmarried parents.

      Synonym: natural

      • c. 1601, William Shakespeare, Troilus and Cressida, Act V, Scene 7,^[7]

        I am a bastard begot, bastard instructed, bastard in mind, bastard in valour, in every thing illegitimate.

      • 1839, Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist, Chapter 51,^[8]

        ‘This child,’ said Mr. Brownlow, drawing Oliver to him, and laying his hand upon his head, ‘is your half-brother; the illegitimate son of your father […] ’

   2. (dated) Having a child or children with a person to whom one is not married.
      • 1876, George Eliot, Daniel Deronda, Book 3, Chapter 27,^[9]

        She had only to collect her memories, which proved to her that “anybody” regarded the illegitimate children as more rightfully to be looked shy on and deprived of social advantages than illegitimate fathers.

      • 1935, Carolyn Wells, The Beautiful Derelict, New York: Triangle Books, Chapter 13, p. 222,^[10]

        I heard last night that a what-do-you-call it?—claimant?—has arrived who says Pat Wayne is his illegitimate father.

4. Not correctly deduced.

   Synonyms: illogical, invalid

   Antonyms: logical, valid

   • 1658, Kenelm Digby, A Late Discourse […] Touching the Cure of Wounds by the Powder of Sympathy, London: R. Lownes and T. Davies, p. 75,^[11]

     […] in natural things we must have recourse […] to experience. And all reasoning that is not supported so, ought to be repudiated, or at least suspected to be illegitimate.

   • 1734, George Berkeley, The Analyst, London: J. Tonson, Section 27, pp. 44-45,^[12]

     […] it is illegitimate to reduce an Equation, by subducting from one Side a Quantity when it is not to be destroyed, or when an equal Quantity is not subducted from the other Side of the Equation:

5. Not authorized by good usage; not genuine.

   Synonym: spurious

   an illegitimate word

6. (botany) Involving the fertilization of pistils by stamens not of their own length, in heterogonously dimorphic and trimorphic flowers.

   illegitimate union; illegitimate fertilization

   • 1877, Charles Darwin, The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species, Chapter 1,^[13]

     […] the legitimate unions between the two forms of the above nine species of Primula are much more fertile than the illegitimate unions; although in the latter case pollen was always taken from a distinct plant of the same form.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:illegitimate

Antonyms

• legitimate

Related terms

Translations

Further reading

• illegitimate on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Noun

illegitimate (plural illegitimates)

1. A person born to unmarried parents.

   Synonyms: natural child, lovechild, bastard

   • 1966, Jean Rhys, Wide Sargasso Sea, New York: Norton, Part 2, p. 96,^[14]

     Her father and mine was a shameless man and of all his illegitimates I am the most unfortunate and poverty stricken.

Translations

Verb

illegitimate (third-person singular simple present illegitimates, present participle illegitimating, simple past and past participle illegitimated)

1. (transitive) To make illegitimate.

English

Etymology

From Medieval Latin brutalis (“savage, stupid”), from Latin br?tus (“dull, stupid”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?b?u?t?l/
• Rhymes: -u?t?l

Adjective

brutal (comparative more brutal, superlative most brutal)

2. Savagely violent, vicious, ruthless, or cruel
3. Crude or unfeeling in manner or speech.
4. Harsh; unrelenting
5. Disagreeably precise or penetrating
6. (music, figuratively) In extreme metal, to describe the speed of the music and the density of riffs.
7. Direct and without attempt to disguise unpleasantness.

Synonyms

• barbaric
• cold-blooded
• savage
• vicious

Antonyms

• gentle
• kind

Related terms

• brutality
• brutally
• brute
• brutish

Translations

Further reading

• brutal in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• brutal in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• brutal at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

• Brault

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin brutalis.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /b?u?tal/

Adjective

brutal (masculine and feminine plural brutals)

1. brutal

Derived terms

• brutalisme
• brutalitat
• brutalment

Related terms

• brut

Further reading

• “brutal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Danish

Etymology

From French brutal, from Latin br?tus (“dull, stupid”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bruta?l/, [b??u?t?æ??l]

Adjective

brutal

1. brutal
2. savage

Inflection

Derived terms

• brutalitet

French

Etymology

From Medieval Latin br?t?lis (“savage, stupid”), from br?tus (“dull, stupid”). See brut and -al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /b?y.tal/

Adjective

brutal (feminine singular brutale, masculine plural brutaux, feminine plural brutales)

1. brutal

Noun

brutal m (plural brutaux, feminine brutale)

1. person who acts brutally

Derived terms

• brutalement
• brutaliser
• brutalité

Further reading

• “brutal” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• brulât, brûlât

German

Etymology

From Latin brutalis, from brutus (“dull, stupid”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /b?u?ta?l/
• Rhymes: -a?l

Adjective

brutal (comparative brutaler, superlative am brutalsten)

1. brutal

Declension

Synonyms

• barbarisch
• kaltblütig

Antonyms

• freundlich

Related terms

• Brutalität

Further reading

• “brutal” in Duden online

Indonesian

Etymology

From English brutal, from Medieval Latin brutalis (“savage, stupid”), from Latin br?tus (“dull, stupid”). Doublet of bruto, guru.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?brutal]
• Hyphenation: bru?tal

Adjective

brutal (plural brutal-brutal)

1. (colloquial) brutal
   1. violent, vicious, ruthless, or cruel.

      Synonym: kejam

   2. harsh; unrelenting.

      Synonym: kasar

Further reading

• “brutal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin brutus, via French brutal.

Adjective

brutal (neuter singular brutalt, definite singular and plural brutale)

1. brutal

Related terms

• brutalitet

References

• “brutal” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin brutus, via French brutal.

Adjective

brutal (neuter singular brutalt, definite singular and plural brutale)

1. brutal

Related terms

• brutalitet

References

• “brutal” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Occitan

Alternative forms

• brutau (Limousin)

Adjective

brutal m (feminine singular brutala, masculine plural brutals, feminine plural brutalas) (Languedoc)

1. brutal

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

• Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2016, page 132.

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin brutalis.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /b?u?ta?/
• Hyphenation: bru?tal

Adjective

brutal m or f (plural brutais, comparable)

1. brutal, brutish
2. (colloquial) huge
3. (colloquial) fantastic, extraordinary

Romanian

Etymology

From Latin brutalis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bru?tal/

Adjective

brutal m or n (feminine singular brutal?, masculine plural brutali, feminine and neuter plural brutale)

1. brutal

Declension

Related terms

• brut
• brutalitate
• brutaliza
• brutalizare

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin br?t?lis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /b?u?tal/, [b?u?t?al]

Adjective

brutal (plural brutales)

1. brutal

Derived terms

• brutalidad
• brutalismo
• brutalizar
• brutalmente

Related terms

• bruto

Further reading

• “brutal” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

Swedish

Etymology

From French brutal from Medieval Latin brutalis, from br?tus.

Pronunciation

Adjective

brutal (comparative brutalare, superlative brutalast)

1. brutal

Declension

Related terms

• brutalisera

Anagrams

• bultar