different between idiot vs idiom

English

Alternative forms

• eejit (Irish English, eye dialect)
• idjit, idget (eye dialect)

Etymology

From Middle English idiote, ydiote, from Old French idiote (later idiot), from Latin idiota, from Ancient Greek ??????? (idi?t?s, “a private citizen, one who has no professional knowledge, layman”), from ????? (ídios, “one's own, pertaining to oneself, private”).

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /??d.i.(j)?t/, /??d.i.(j)?t/

Noun

idiot (plural idiots)

1. (derogatory) A person of low general intelligence.
2. (derogatory) A person who makes stupid decisions; a fool.
3. (obsolete, medicine, psychology) A person of the lowest intellectual standing, a person who lacks the capacity to develop beyond the mental age of a normal four-year-old; a person with an IQ below 30.

Usage notes

• While pejorative, the word is only a weak insult, and between close friends or family members it may be used affectionately.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:idiot

Antonyms

• genius

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Adjective

idiot (comparative more idiot, superlative most idiot)

1. (uncommon) idiotic, stupid

Translations

Czech

Noun

idiot m

1. (mildly vulgar) idiot (disliked or slow-witted person)

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:hlupák

2. idiot (person who lacks the capacity to develop beyond the mental age of a normal four-year-old)

Related terms

• idiotský
• idiocie

Further reading

• idiot in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• idiot in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ??????? (idi?t?s)

Noun

idiot

1. (derogatory) an idiot, imbecile, fool

Derived terms

• idiotsikker
• kraftidiot

References

• “idiot” in Den Danske Ordbog

French

Etymology

From Old French idiot (cf. also the older form idiote), borrowed from Latin idi?ta, from Ancient Greek ??????? (idi?t?s, “layman”) from ????? (ídios, “private”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i.djo/
• Homophone: idiots
• Rhymes: -jo

Adjective

idiot (feminine singular idiote, masculine plural idiots, feminine plural idiotes)

1. idiotic; stupid

Noun

idiot m (plural idiots, feminine idiote)

1. idiot

Descendants

• ? Polish: idiota

Further reading

• “idiot” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ??????? (idi?t?s)

Noun

idiot m (definite singular idioten, indefinite plural idioter, definite plural idiotene)

1. (derogatory) an idiot, imbecile, fool

Derived terms

• idiotsikker
• kraftidiot
• kronidiot

References

• “idiot” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ??????? (idi?t?s)

Noun

idiot m (definite singular idioten, indefinite plural idiotar, definite plural idiotane)

1. (derogatory) an idiot, imbecile, fool

Derived terms

• idiotsikker
• kraftidiot
• kronidiot

References

• “idiot” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old French

Alternative forms

• idiote

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin idi?ta, from Ancient Greek ??????? (idi?t?s, “layman”) from ????? (ídios, “private”).

Adjective

idiot m (oblique and nominative feminine singular idiote)

1. ignorant; narrow-minded

Usage notes

• The form idiote was sometimes used as both masculine and feminine, as a direct borrowing from Latin idiota.

Descendants

• ? English: idiot
• French: idiot

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (idiot, supplement)

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French idiot, itself borrowed from Latin idi?ta, from Ancient Greek ??????? (idi?t?s, “layman”) from ????? (ídios, “private”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i.di?ot/

Noun

idiot m (plural idio?i, feminine equivalent idioat?)

1. idiot, moron, imbecile

Synonyms

• prost, tâmpit, imbecil, cretin

Adjective

idiot m or n (feminine singular idioat?, masculine plural idio?i, feminine and neuter plural idioate)

1. stupid, idiotic, foolish, absurd

Declension

Synonyms

• prost, tâmpit, stupid

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Latin idi?ta, from Ancient Greek ??????? (idi?t?s, “a private citizen, one who has no professional knowledge, layman”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /id?ot/
• Hyphenation: i?di?ot

Noun

idìot m (Cyrillic spelling ?????)

1. idiot

Declension

See also

• glùpan
• blèsan
• krèt?n

Slovak

Etymology

From Latin idi?ta, from Ancient Greek ??????? (idi?t?s, “a private citizen, one who has no professional knowledge, layman”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?idi?t/

Noun

idiot m (genitive singular idiota, nominative plural idioti, genitive plural idiotov, declension pattern of chlap)

1. (derogatory) idiot

Declension

Derived terms

• idiotický
• idioticky
• idiotstvo
• idiotizmus

See also

• blázon
• hlupák

Further reading

• idiot in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

Swedish

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ??????? (idi?t?s, “a private citizen, one who has no professional knowledge, layman”), from ????? (ídios, “one's own, pertaining to oneself, private”).

Pronunciation

Noun

idiot c

1. (derogatory) idiot

Declension

For Wiktionary's handling of idioms, see Wiktionary:Idioms

English

Etymology

From Middle French idiome, and its source, Late Latin idioma, from Ancient Greek ?????? (idí?ma, “a peculiarity, property, a peculiar phraseology, idiom”), from ????????? (idioûsthai, “to make one's own, appropriate to oneself”), from ????? (ídios, “one's own, pertaining to oneself, private, personal, peculiar, separate”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /??d??m/

Noun

idiom (countable and uncountable, plural idioms or idiomata)

1. A manner of speaking, a mode of expression peculiar to a language, person, or group of people.

   Synonyms: idiomaticness, idiomaticity

2. A language or language variety; specifically, a restricted dialect used in a given historical period, context etc.
   • 2010, Christopher Hitchens, "The Other L-Word", Vanity Fair, 13 Jan 2010:

     Many parents and teachers have become irritated to the point of distraction at the way the weed-style growth of "like" has spread through the idiom of the young.

3. An established expression whose meaning may not be not deducible from the literal meanings of its component words, often peculiar to a given language.
   • 2008, Patricia Hampl, “You’re History”, in Patricia Hampl and Elaine Tyler May (editors), Tell Me True: Memoir, History, and Writing a Life, Minnesota Historical Society, ?ISBN, page 134:

     You’re history, we say […] . Surely it is an American idiom. Impossible to imagine a postwar European saying, “You’re history. . . . That’s history,” meaning fuhgeddaboudit, pal.

4. An artistic style (for example, in art, architecture, or music); an instance of such a style.

5. (programming) A programming construct or phraseology that is characteristic of the language.

Synonyms

• (language variety): dialect (loosely), language (loosely), languoid, lect, vernacular (loosely)
• (phrase): expression (loosely), form of words (loosely), idiotism, locution (loosely), phrase (loosely)

Derived terms

Related terms

• idiolect
• idiosyncratic
• idiot

Translations

See also

• Category:Idioms by language

Further reading

• American idioms - a comprehensive list of idioms, browsable through alphabetical links. Includes parts of speech, definitions and example sentences.
• English and American Idioms - RSS subscription channel
• Glossary of Linguistics
• Today's English Idioms at GoEnglish.com

• idiom in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• idiom in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• imido, imido-, modii

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [??d?jom]
• Hyphenation: idiom

Noun

idiom m inan

1. idiom (established expression whose meaning is not deducible from the literal meanings of its component words)
   • 1972, Nový orient:

     P?ed b?žným „Nashledanou", které Peršané vyjad?ují slovy „nech? je B?h vaším opatrovníkem", dáme p?ednost idiomu „vaše laskavost nebo pozornost je (byla) nesmírná" nebo „nech? se vysoká laskavost nezmenší" ...

   • 1985, Studie a práce linguistické:

     Stejn? málo významné byly pro IF pokusy p?iblížit význam idiom? ve vágních pojmech p?enesenosti, obraznosti, pr?hlednosti apod.

   • 1996, ?asopis pro moderní filologii:

     Trochu konzervativní ?eský uživatel Schemannova slovníku bude možná zpo?átku postrádat u n?kterých idiom? jejich vysv?tlení, jak byl zvyklý kup?íkladu z dosud (do r. 1993) nejobsažn?jšího slovníku tohoto typu ...

   • 2005, Zden?k St?íbrný, Proud ?asu:

     Vyjád?il to p?kným anglickým idiomem „They have added insult to your injury“.

   • 2014, František ?ermák, Jazyk a slovník. Vybrané lingvistické studie:

     U idiom? pak m?žeme postulovat existenci p?edevším po?etných sekundárních symbol? (otev?ená hlava), pop?. ikon? (kamenný obli?ej), mén? ?asto však už sekundárních index? (co do, kór když).

Declension

Further reading

• idiom in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• idiom in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989
• idiom in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz
• idiom in Nový encyklopedický slovník ?eštiny, czechency.org
• ?eská frazeologie, Naše ?e? (1984)

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch idioom.

Noun

idiom (first-person possessive idiomku, second-person possessive idiommu, third-person possessive idiomnya)

1. idiom (idiomatic expression)
2. idiom (artistic style)
3. (rare, dated) idiom (language or language variety)

Further reading

• “idiom” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?id.j?m/

Noun

idiom m inan

1. idiom (idiomatic expression)
2. idiom (artistic style)
3. (rare, dated) idiom (language or language variety)

Declension

Romanian

Etymology

From French idiome

Noun

idiom n (plural idiomuri)

1. idiom

Declension

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /id?o?m/
• Hyphenation: i?di?om

Noun

idì?m m (Cyrillic spelling ??????)

1. idiom (idiomatic expression)
2. idiom (artistic style)
3. (linguistics) idiom (language or language variety)

Declension