different between hypostasis vs bruise

English

Etymology

From ecclesiastical Latin hypostasis, from Ancient Greek ????????? (hupóstasis, “sediment, foundation; substance, existence, essence”), from ??? (hupó) + ?????? (stásis, “standing”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ha??p?st?s?s/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ha??p?st?s?s/

Noun

hypostasis (countable and uncountable, plural hypostases or hypostaseis)

1. (medicine, now historical) A sedimentary deposit, especially in urine. [from 14th c.]
   • 1588, Christopher Marlowe, Tamburlaine the Great, V.3:

     Physician: I have viewed your urine, and the hypostasis, / Thick and obscure, doth make the danger great.

   • 1999, Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, translating Paracelsus, Opus Paramirum, in Essential Readings, North Atlantic Books 1999, p. 92:

     Thus the kidneys also have their particular excrement which is contained in it and is the hypostasis (deposit).

2. (theology) The essential person, specifically the single person of Christ (as distinguished from his two ‘natures’, human and divine), or of the three ‘persons’ of the Trinity (sharing a single ‘essence’). [from 16th c.]
   • 2000, Karen Armstrong, The Battle for God, Harper 2004, p. 69:

     As Gregory of Nyssa had explained, the three hypostases of Father, Son, and Spirit were not objective facts but simply “terms that we use” to express the way in which the “unnameable and unspeakable” divine nature (ousia) adapts itself to the limitations of our human minds.

   • 2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin 2010, p. 218:

     As a result of this verbal pact, the Trinity consists of three equal hypostaseis in one ousia: three equal Persons (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) sharing one Essence or Substance (Trinity or Godhead).

3. (philosophy) The underlying reality or substance of something. [from 17th c.]
   • 1975, Mary Boyce, History of Zoroastrianism, vol. I, Brill 1975, p. 59:

     Rašnu, the "Judge", appears to be the hypostasis of the idea embodied in the common noun rašnu, "judging, one who judges".
4. (genetics) The effect of one gene preventing another from expressing. [from 20th c.]
5. Postmortem lividity; livor mortis; suggillation.

Synonyms

• subsistence

Related terms

• anhypostasia, anhypostasis
• enhypostasia, enhypostasis

Translations

English

Alternative forms

• bruize (obsolete)
• brise (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English bruisen, brusen, brosen, brisen, bresen, from a merger two words, both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *b?rews- (“to break”):

• Old English br?san, br?esan (“to bruise; crush”), from Proto-Germanic *brausijan?, *br?sijan? (“to break; crumble; crack”). Provided the word's sense.
• Anglo-Norman bruiser, bruser (“to break, smash, shatter”), from Gaulish *brus-, from Proto-Celtic *bruseti (“to break”). Provided the word's form.

Cognate with Scots brizz, German brausen (“to roar; boom; pound”), Old English brosnian (“to crumble, fall apart”), Dutch broos (“brittle”), German Brosame (“crumb”), dialectal Norwegian brøysk (“breakable”), Latin frustum (“bit, scrap”), Old Church Slavonic ???????? (br?snuti, “to rake”), Albanian breshër (“hail”).

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) enPR: bro?oz, IPA^(key): /b?u?z/
• Homophone: brews
• Rhymes: -u?z

Verb

bruise (third-person singular simple present bruises, present participle bruising, simple past and past participle bruised)

1. (transitive) To strike (a person), originally with something flat or heavy, but now specifically in such a way as to discolour the skin without breaking it.
2. (transitive) To damage the skin of (fruit or vegetables), in an analogous way.
3. (intransitive) Of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises through being handled roughly.

   Bananas bruise easily.

4. (intransitive) To become bruised.

   I bruise easily.

5. (intransitive) To fight with the fists; to box.

   • Bruising was considered a fine, manly, old English custom.

6. (transitive) To impair (gin) by shaking rather than stirring.

Derived terms

• bruiser
• bruising

Translations

Noun

bruise (plural bruises)

1. A purplish mark on the skin due to leakage of blood from capillaries under the surface that have been damaged by a blow.
2. A dark mark on fruit or vegetables caused by a blow to the surface.

Synonyms

• (medical): ecchymosis, contusion (technical term)
• See also Thesaurus:injury

Translations

Anagrams

• Uribes, buries, busier, rubies

Dutch

Verb

bruise

1. (archaic) singular present subjunctive of bruisen

Irish

Noun

bruise f sg

1. genitive singular of bruis (“brush; pubic hair”)

Mutation

References

• "bruise" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.