different between hyperinflation vs surcharge

English

Etymology

hyper- +? inflation

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -e???n

Noun

hyperinflation (plural hyperinflations)

1. (economics) A very high rate of inflation.
   • 1985, Leon N. Lindberg, Charles S. Maier, Brian M. Barry, The Politics of inflation and economic stagnation, page 74

     Even though ten years elapsed between the German hyperinflation of 1923 and the seizure of power by Hitler, it is often suggested that the two events are causally related.

   • 1987, Philip Cagan, "Hyperinflation", in The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics

     Only inconvertible paper currencies can be expanded rapidly without limit to generate hyperinflation.

   • 2004, John Barkley Rosser, Marina V. Rosser, Comparative Economics in a Transforming World Economy, page 236

     When hyperinflation peaked, wheelbarrows full of money were required to shop for groceries.

Usage notes

• There is no precise quantitative level that defines hyperinflation. A conventionally used threshold is 50% annual inflation.
• At hyperinflationary levels, both the money supply and the price level are inflated at great rates.

Related terms

• deflation

Translations

Further reading

• hyperinflation at OneLook Dictionary Search

Danish

Etymology

hyper- +? inflation

Noun

hyperinflation

1. hyperinflation

Further reading

• “hyperinflation” in Den Danske Ordbog

English

Etymology

From Middle French surcharge, from Old French. Surface etymology is sur- +? charge. Doublet of supercharge.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?s??(?)t????(?)d??/

Noun

surcharge (plural surcharges)

1. An addition of extra charge on the agreed or stated price.

2. The part of the price of a subsidized good or service that is not covered by the subsidy and so must be paid by the consumer.
3. An excessive price charged e.g. to an unsuspecting customer.
4. (philately) An overprint on a stamp that alters (usually raises) the original nominal value of the stamp; used especially in times of hyperinflation.
5. (art) A painting in lighter enamel over a darker one that serves as the ground.
6. (law) A charge that has been omitted from an account as payment of a credit to the charged party.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Burrill to this entry?)

7. (law) A penalty for failure to exercise common prudence and skill in the performance of a fiduciary's duties.
8. (obsolete) An excessive load or burden.
9. (law, obsolete) The putting, by a commoner, of more animals on the common than he is entitled to.

Translations

See also

• surtax
• surcharged

Verb

surcharge (third-person singular simple present surcharges, present participle surcharging, simple past and past participle surcharged)

1. To apply a surcharge.
2. To overload; to overburden.
   • 1820, Charles Maturin, Melmoth the Wanderer, volume 1, page 150:

     The threat was soon fulfilled; the evening came on, prematurely darkened by clouds that seemed surcharged with a deluge.

3. (law) To overstock; especially, to put more cattle into (e.g. a common) than one has a right to do, or more than the herbage will sustain.
4. To show an omission in (an account) for which credit ought to have been given.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Daniel to this entry?)

Antonyms

• discount

Translations

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sy?.?a??/
• Homophones: surchargent, surcharges

Etymology 1

sur- +? charge

Noun

surcharge f (plural surcharges)

1. overloading
2. (object-oriented programming) overloading

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Verb

surcharge

1. first/third-person singular present indicative of surcharger
2. first/third-person singular present subjunctive of surcharger
3. second-person singular imperative of surcharger