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hun
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /h?n/
Etymology 1
Noun
hun (plural huns)
- (informal) Alternative spelling of hon (“affectionate abbreviation of honey”)
Etymology 2
Short for Hungarian partridge.
Noun
hun (plural huns)
- A grey partridge.
Anagrams
- nuh, unh
Alemannic German
Alternative forms
- hund, hunn, hònn (Walser)
- Hund
Etymology
From Middle High German hunt, from Old High German hunt, from Proto-Germanic *hundaz. Cognate with German Hund, Dutch hond, English hound, Icelandic hundur.
Noun
hun m
- (Formazza) dog
References
- “hun” in Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Breton
Noun
hun ?
- sleep
Catalan
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA(key): /?un/
- Homophone: un
Noun
hun m (plural huns, feminine huna)
- Hun
Further reading
- “hun” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “hun” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
- “hun” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse hón (“she”), from Proto-Norse *???? (*hanu), the feminine form, with u-umlaut, of *????? (*hanaz) (= Danish han (“he”), Old Norse hann).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?hun]
Pronoun
hun (objective case hende, possessive hendes)
- (personal) she
See also
References
- “hun,2” in Den Danske Ordbog
Noun
hun c (singular definite hunnen, plural indefinite hunner)
- female, she
Inflection
References
- “hun,1” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??n/
- Hyphenation: hun
- Rhymes: -?n
Etymology 1
Pronoun
hun (personal)
- The dative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: them, to them.
- (proscribed) The accusative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: them.
Usage notes
The difference between hen (as direct object) and hun (as indirect object) does not stem from actual language usage, but was created artificially by the prescriptive grammarian Christiaen van Heule in the 17th century in an attempt to differentiate between the accusative (direct object) and dative case (indirect object), a distinction that was then commonly made in the definite article and certain pronouns, but not the personal pronouns.
In practice, hen and hun have been used interchangeably in Modern Dutch since the language has lost its grammatical case system. Many native speakers are not aware or have trouble remembering when to use the one or the other, in part because of the rule's artificiality, in part because the distinction in form between the accusative and dative case has not been preserved anywhere else in the language. As a consequence, it is common to hear sentences where they are used in the exactly opposite way from van Heule's rule; for example:
- Hij heeft hun verraden. (“He has betrayed them.”)
- Ze zijn met hun uitgegaan. (“They have gone out with them.”)
- Ik heb het hen gegeven. (“I have given it to them.”)
When the pronoun is unstressed, the problem can be circumvented by using the reduced form ze:
- Hij heeft ze verraden.
- Ze zijn met ze uitgegaan.
- Ik heb het ze gegeven.
For more information, see the article in the Dutch Wikipedia.
Pronoun
hun (personal) (dependent possessive) (independent possessive hunne)
- The third-person plural possessive pronoun: their.
Inflection
Related terms
- zij, ze
- hen
Etymology 2
Likely a replacement of or based on dialectal Dutch hullie or a variant thereof, which is a contraction of hunlieden or hunlui, a compound of hun ("them") + lieden or lui (both meaning "men, people"), which then translates roughly into "them-people". Possibly reinfluenced by or confused with the possessive hun. This etymology explains why usage of hun occurs only when referring to people, never to objects. It's similar to dialectal zun often used colloquially in the Belgian province of Antwerp, which is a contraction of ze ("they") + hun ("them"), and which is also only used for people. Also compare Afrikaans hulle, which also stems from hunlui, but is now used also for things. For more information, see the article in the Dutch Wikipedia.
Pronoun
hun (personal)
- (proscribed, regiolectal, Netherlands) The nominative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: they (only referring to people).
- Synonyms: zijlui, zijlieden
Usage notes
- The use of hun as a subject is considered incorrect or substandard by most speakers, both in written and spoken language, and only occurs in the Netherlands.
- For a 3rd person plural pronoun referring to people only, zijlui or zijlieden can be used instead.
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?hun]
- Rhymes: -un
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Latin Hunni.
Adjective
hun (not comparable)
- Hunnic, Hunnish (of or relating to the Huns)
Declension
Noun
hun (plural hunok)
- Hun (a member of a nomadic tribe)
Declension
Etymology 2
From hol.
Adverb
hun
- (dialectal) Alternative form of hol (“where”).
Derived terms
- sehun (dialectal)
References
Further reading
- (Hun, Hunnic): hun in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN
- (where [dialectal]): hun in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN
Iu Mien
Etymology
From Chinese ? (MC ???n).
Noun
hun
- garden
Label
Etymology
Compare Tolai vudu and Patpatar hudu.
Noun
hun
- banana
References
- Ulrike Mosel, Tolai and Tok Pisin: the influence of the substratum on the development of New Guinea Pidgin (1980)
Malay
Noun
hun (plural hun-hun, informal 1st possessive hunku, impolite 2nd possessive hunmu, 3rd possessive hunnya)
- A unit of weight equal to one hundredth of a tahil.
Mandarin
Romanization
hun (Zhuyin ????)
- Nonstandard spelling of h?n.
- Nonstandard spelling of hún.
- Nonstandard spelling of h?n.
- Nonstandard spelling of hùn.
Usage notes
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Middle English
Noun
hun
- Alternative form of hund (“hundred”)
Middle Welsh
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /h?n/
Numeral
hun
- h-prothesized form of un
Min Nan
Mizo
Noun
hun
- time
North Frisian
Etymology
From Old Frisian hond. Cognates include Mooring North Frisian hönj and West Frisian hân.
Noun
hun f (plural hunen)
- (Föhr-Amrum) (anatomy) hand
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology 1
From Danish hun, from Old Norse hón.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /h?n/
- Homophones: hund, hunn
- Rhymes: -?n
Pronoun
hun (accusative henne, genitive hennes)
- she
Derived terms
- hunkjønn / hunnkjønn
See also
- ho (Nynorsk)
- hoe (Nynorsk)
Etymology 2
From Old Norse húnn (“a die”).
Alternative forms
- hon
Noun
hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural huner, definite plural hunene)
- back board
References
- “hun” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology 1
From Old Norse húnn (“bear cub”), from Proto-Germanic *h?naz.
Noun
hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural hunar, definite plural hunane)
- a bear cub
- Synonym: bjørnunge
Etymology 2
From Old Norse húnn (“die”).
Alternative forms
- (since 2019) hon
Noun
hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural hunar, definite plural hunane)
- back part of a log that might still be used as a plank
Etymology 3
From Old Norse húnar pl and húnir pl.
Noun
hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural hunar, definite plural hunane)
- a Hun; form removed by a 2016 spelling decision; superseded by hunar
References
Old Portuguese
Article
hun
- Alternative form of ?u
Romanian
Etymology
From French Huns, from Latin Hunni.
Noun
hun m (plural huni)
- Hun
Declension
Tetum
Noun
hun
- bottom, base
- beginning
- origin
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà N?i) IPA(key): [hun??]
- (Hu?) IPA(key): [hun??]
- (H? Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [h?w??m??]
Etymology 1
Typical Central and Southern Vietnamese retention of medial *u, which often developed into ‹ô› (or ‹o›) in Northern dialects; later strengthened with the use of "slang" to avoid awkward situations. Compare rún vs. r?n, thúi vs. th?i.
Verb
hun • (?)
- Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam form of hôn
Synonyms
- th?m, hôn, chu, ch?t, mi
Etymology 2
Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese ? (SV: huân).
Verb
hun • (?, ?, ?)
- to smoke (to preserve or prepare (food) for consumption by treating with smoke)
Derived terms
Welsh
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /h??n/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /hi?n/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Brythonic *h?n, from Proto-Celtic *sounos, from Proto-Indo-European *swépnos (“sleep”).
Noun
hun f (plural hunau, not mutable)
- sleep
Derived terms
- huno (verb)
Etymology 2
The pronoun is a lexicalization of the mutated numeral.
Numeral
hun
- h-prothesized form of un
Mutation
Pronoun
hun
- (with possessive article, North Wales) self
Related terms
- hunan (South Wales)
Yucatec Maya
Etymology
From Proto-Mayan *juun.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?hun]
Numeral
hun
- one
Derived terms
References
- Beltrán de Santa Rosa María, Pedro (1746) Arte de el idioma maya reducido a succintas reglas, y semilexicon yucateco (in Spanish), Mexico: Por la Biuda de D. Joseph Bernardo de Hogal, page 152: “Hun. Vno. 1.”
- Montgomery, John (2004) Maya-English, English-Maya (Yucatec) Dictionary & Phrasebook, New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc., ?ISBN, pages 58, 203
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