different between hun vs mun

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /h?n/

Etymology 1

Noun

hun (plural huns)

1. (informal) Alternative spelling of hon (“affectionate abbreviation of honey”)

Etymology 2

Short for Hungarian partridge.

Noun

hun (plural huns)

1. A grey partridge.

Anagrams

• nuh, unh

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

• hund, hunn, hònn (Walser)
• Hund

Etymology

From Middle High German hunt, from Old High German hunt, from Proto-Germanic *hundaz. Cognate with German Hund, Dutch hond, English hound, Icelandic hundur.

Noun

hun m

1. (Formazza) dog

References

• “hun” in Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Breton

Noun

hun ?

1. sleep

Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /?un/
• Homophone: un

Noun

hun m (plural huns, feminine huna)

1. Hun

Further reading

• “hun” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “hun” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “hun” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse hón (“she”), from Proto-Norse *???? (*hanu), the feminine form, with u-umlaut, of *????? (*hanaz) (= Danish han (“he”), Old Norse hann).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?hun]

Pronoun

hun (objective case hende, possessive hendes)

1. (personal) she

See also

References

• “hun,2” in Den Danske Ordbog

Noun

hun c (singular definite hunnen, plural indefinite hunner)

1. female, she

Inflection

References

• “hun,1” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??n/
• Hyphenation: hun
• Rhymes: -?n

Etymology 1

Pronoun

hun (personal)

1. The dative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: them, to them.
2. (proscribed) The accusative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: them.

Usage notes

The difference between hen (as direct object) and hun (as indirect object) does not stem from actual language usage, but was created artificially by the prescriptive grammarian Christiaen van Heule in the 17th century in an attempt to differentiate between the accusative (direct object) and dative case (indirect object), a distinction that was then commonly made in the definite article and certain pronouns, but not the personal pronouns.

In practice, hen and hun have been used interchangeably in Modern Dutch since the language has lost its grammatical case system. Many native speakers are not aware or have trouble remembering when to use the one or the other, in part because of the rule's artificiality, in part because the distinction in form between the accusative and dative case has not been preserved anywhere else in the language. As a consequence, it is common to hear sentences where they are used in the exactly opposite way from van Heule's rule; for example:

• Hij heeft hun verraden. (“He has betrayed them.”)
• Ze zijn met hun uitgegaan. (“They have gone out with them.”)
• Ik heb het hen gegeven. (“I have given it to them.”)

When the pronoun is unstressed, the problem can be circumvented by using the reduced form ze:

• Hij heeft ze verraden.
• Ze zijn met ze uitgegaan.
• Ik heb het ze gegeven.

For more information, see the article in the Dutch Wikipedia.

Pronoun

hun (personal) (dependent possessive) (independent possessive hunne)

1. The third-person plural possessive pronoun: their.

Inflection

Related terms

• zij, ze
• hen

Etymology 2

Likely a replacement of or based on dialectal Dutch hullie or a variant thereof, which is a contraction of hunlieden or hunlui, a compound of hun ("them") + lieden or lui (both meaning "men, people"), which then translates roughly into "them-people". Possibly reinfluenced by or confused with the possessive hun. This etymology explains why usage of hun occurs only when referring to people, never to objects. It's similar to dialectal zun often used colloquially in the Belgian province of Antwerp, which is a contraction of ze ("they") + hun ("them"), and which is also only used for people. Also compare Afrikaans hulle, which also stems from hunlui, but is now used also for things. For more information, see the article in the Dutch Wikipedia.

Pronoun

hun (personal)

1. (proscribed, regiolectal, Netherlands) The nominative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: they (only referring to people).

   Synonyms: zijlui, zijlieden

Usage notes

• The use of hun as a subject is considered incorrect or substandard by most speakers, both in written and spoken language, and only occurs in the Netherlands.
• For a 3rd person plural pronoun referring to people only, zijlui or zijlieden can be used instead.

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?hun]
• Rhymes: -un

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin Hunni.

Adjective

hun (not comparable)

1. Hunnic, Hunnish (of or relating to the Huns)

Declension

Noun

hun (plural hunok)

1. Hun (a member of a nomadic tribe)

Declension

Etymology 2

From hol.

Adverb

hun

1. (dialectal) Alternative form of hol (“where”).

Derived terms

• sehun (dialectal)

References

Further reading

• (Hun, Hunnic): hun in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN
• (where [dialectal]): hun in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN

Iu Mien

Etymology

From Chinese ? (MC ???n).

Noun

hun 

1. garden

Label

Etymology

Compare Tolai vudu and Patpatar hudu.

Noun

hun

1. banana

References

• Ulrike Mosel, Tolai and Tok Pisin: the influence of the substratum on the development of New Guinea Pidgin (1980)

Malay

Noun

hun (plural hun-hun, informal 1st possessive hunku, impolite 2nd possessive hunmu, 3rd possessive hunnya)

1. A unit of weight equal to one hundredth of a tahil.

Mandarin

Romanization

hun (Zhuyin ????)

1. Nonstandard spelling of h?n.
2. Nonstandard spelling of hún.
3. Nonstandard spelling of h?n.
4. Nonstandard spelling of hùn.

Usage notes

• English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Middle English

Noun

hun

1. Alternative form of hund (“hundred”)

Middle Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /h?n/

Numeral

hun

1. h-prothesized form of un

Min Nan

Mizo

Noun

hun

1. time

North Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian hond. Cognates include Mooring North Frisian hönj and West Frisian hân.

Noun

hun f (plural hunen)

1. (Föhr-Amrum) (anatomy) hand

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Danish hun, from Old Norse hón.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /h?n/
• Homophones: hund, hunn
• Rhymes: -?n

Pronoun

hun (accusative henne, genitive hennes)

1. she

Derived terms

• hunkjønn / hunnkjønn

See also

• ho (Nynorsk)
• hoe (Nynorsk)

Etymology 2

From Old Norse húnn (“a die”).

Alternative forms

• hon

Noun

hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural huner, definite plural hunene)

1. back board

References

• “hun” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse húnn (“bear cub”), from Proto-Germanic *h?naz.

Noun

hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural hunar, definite plural hunane)

1. a bear cub

   Synonym: bjørnunge

Etymology 2

From Old Norse húnn (“die”).

Alternative forms

• (since 2019) hon

Noun

hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural hunar, definite plural hunane)

1. back part of a log that might still be used as a plank

Etymology 3

From Old Norse húnar pl and húnir pl.

Noun

hun m (definite singular hunen, indefinite plural hunar, definite plural hunane)

1. a Hun; form removed by a 2016 spelling decision; superseded by hunar

References

Old Portuguese

Article

hun

1. Alternative form of ?u

Romanian

Etymology

From French Huns, from Latin Hunni.

Noun

hun m (plural huni)

1. Hun

Declension

Tetum

Noun

hun

1. bottom, base
2. beginning
3. origin

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà N?i) IPA^(key): [hun??]
• (Hu?) IPA^(key): [hun??]
• (H? Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [h?w??m??]

Etymology 1

Typical Central and Southern Vietnamese retention of medial *u, which often developed into ‹ô› (or ‹o›) in Northern dialects; later strengthened with the use of "slang" to avoid awkward situations. Compare rún vs. r?n, thúi vs. th?i.

Verb

hun • (?)

1. Central Vietnam and Southern Vietnam form of hôn

Synonyms

• th?m, hôn, chu, ch?t, mi

Etymology 2

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese ? (SV: huân).

Verb

hun • (?, ?, ?)

1. to smoke (to preserve or prepare (food) for consumption by treating with smoke)

Derived terms

Welsh

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /h??n/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /hi?n/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *h?n, from Proto-Celtic *sounos, from Proto-Indo-European *swépnos (“sleep”).

Noun

hun f (plural hunau, not mutable)

1. sleep

Derived terms

• huno (verb)

Etymology 2

The pronoun is a lexicalization of the mutated numeral.

Numeral

hun

1. h-prothesized form of un

Mutation

Pronoun

hun

1. (with possessive article, North Wales) self

Related terms

• hunan (South Wales)

Yucatec Maya

Etymology

From Proto-Mayan *juun.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?hun]

Numeral

hun

1. one

Derived terms

References

• Beltrán de Santa Rosa María, Pedro (1746) Arte de el idioma maya reducido a succintas reglas, y semilexicon yucateco (in Spanish), Mexico: Por la Biuda de D. Joseph Bernardo de Hogal, page 152: “Hun. Vno. 1.”
• Montgomery, John (2004) Maya-English, English-Maya (Yucatec) Dictionary & Phrasebook, New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc., ?ISBN, pages 58, 203

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English mone (“shall, must”), from Old Norse munu (“shall, must”), from Proto-Germanic *munan?.

Alternative forms

• maun

Verb

mun

1. (dialect, Northern English, modal auxiliary, defective) Must.

References

Etymology 2

From Old Norse muðr, munnr, from Proto-Germanic *munþaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ment-; compare mouth

Noun

mun (plural muns)

1. (obsolete, dialect) The mouth, jaw.

Etymology 3

Noun

mun

1. (Britain, dialect) man

Pronoun

mun

1. (Britain, dialect, Devon, Somerset, obsolete) them
   • 1746, Exmoor Courtship 1879 edition[2], page 50:

     tha wut spudlee out the Yemors, and screedle over mun

References

Etymology 4

Clipping of mundane.

Noun

mun (plural muns)

1. (role-playing games, Internet slang) The person who roleplays a character in a role-playing game, especially an online play-by-post one.
   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:mun.

Synonyms

• roleplayer, RPer

Anagrams

• Num., nmu, num, num.

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin manus.

Noun

mun f

1. (anatomy) hand

Finnish

Pronoun

mun

1. (colloquial) Genitive form of mä.
2. (dialectal) Accusative form of mä.

See also

• minun

Gothic

Romanization

mun

1. Romanization of ????????????

Icelandic

Verb

mun

1. singular first-person present indicative of munu

Inari Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Samic *monë.

Pronoun

mun

1. I

Further reading

• Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002-2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages?^[6], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Irish

Contraction

mun

1. Contraction of um + an.

Mutation

Further reading

• "mun" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.

Iu Mien

Etymology

From Proto-Hmong-Mien *?mun (“illness, pain”). Cognate with White Hmong mob and Western Xiangxi Miao [Fenghuang] mb.

Noun

mun 

1. pain

Middle English

Verb

mun

1. Alternative form of mone (“shall”)

Northern Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Samic *monë.

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /?mun/

Pronoun

mun

1. I

Inflection

See also

Further reading

• Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002-2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages?^[7], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Verb

mun

1. present tense of muna

Etymology 2

From Old Norse munr, from Proto-Germanic *muniz.

Noun

mun m (definite singular munen, indefinite plural muner, definite plural munene)

1. form removed with the spelling reform of 1938; superseded by mon

Polish

Etymology

Perhaps from Vietnamese (cánh) m?ng.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mun/

Noun

mun m inan (indeclinable)

1. (colloquial) Mun mushroom

Further reading

• mun in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• mun in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Scots

Verb

mun

1. (modal auxiliary, defective) Alternative form of maun
   • 1894, M E Francis, In a North Country Village

     Ye mun ha' done wi' all that foolery — ye're gettin' a man now, an' ye mun give over that nonsense.

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

Fro mu + an.

Preposition

mun

1. about the, about their, about my, about whom, about which
2. concerning the, concerning their, concerning my, concerning whom, concerning which

See also

• mu

Further reading

• “mun” in Edward Dwelly, Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan/The Illustrated [Scottish] Gaelic–English Dictionary, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, 1911, ?ISBN.

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

From English moon.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mun/

Noun

mun

1. moon
2. month

Related terms

• munde

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish munder, from Old Norse muðr, munnr, from Proto-Germanic *munþaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ment-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /m?n/, [m?n?]

Noun

mun c

1. (anatomy) a mouth

Declension

Related terms

References

• mun in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

Ter Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Samic *monë.

Pronoun

mun

1. I

Further reading

• Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002-2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages?^[8], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English moon.

Noun

mun

1. moon
2. month

Torres Strait Creole

Etymology

From English moon.

Noun

mun

1. moon

Vietnamese

Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *?u?? (“ashes”); cognate with Muong bunh.

Pronunciation

• (Hà N?i) IPA^(key): [mun??]
• (Hu?) IPA^(key): [mun??]
• (H? Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [m?w??m??]

Noun

mun • (?)

1. (North Central Vietnam) ashes
2. (botany) ebony

Synonyms

• tro; gio

Adjective

mun • (?)

1. (of a cat, otherwise rare) black

   Synonym: ?en

See also

• m?c
• ô

Volapük

Noun

mun (nominative plural muns)

1. moon (planetary satellite)

Declension

Welsh

Noun

mun

1. (slang) equivalent to the man in English, as in you, you man, you bloke, dude, guy, mate