different between humour vs essence

English

Alternative forms

• humor (American)

Etymology

From Middle English humour, from Old French humor, from Latin humor, correctly umor (“moisture”), from hum?, correctly um? (“to be moist”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?hju?.m?(?)/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?hju?m?/, /?ju?m?/
• Hyphenation: hu?mour
• Rhymes: -u?m?(?)

Noun

humour (usually uncountable, plural humours) (British spelling)

1. (uncountable) The quality of being amusing, comical, funny. [from the early 18th c.]
   • 1774, Oliver Goldsmith, Retaliation

     For thy sake I admit / That a Scot may have humour, I'd almost said wit.

   • A great deal of excellent humour was expended on the perplexities of mine host.

   Synonyms: amusingness, comedy, comicality, wit

2. (uncountable) A mood, especially a bad mood; a temporary state of mind or disposition brought upon by an event; an abrupt illogical inclination or whim.
   • 1625, Francis Bacon, Apophthegms

     a prince of a pleasant humour

   • 1684, Lord Roscommon, Essay on Translated Verse

     Examine how your humour is inclined, / And which the ruling passion of your mind.

   • Is my friend all perfection, all virtue and discretion? Has he not humours to be endured?

   Synonym: mood

3. (archaic or historical) Any of the fluids in an animal body, especially the four "cardinal humours" of blood, yellow bile, black bile and phlegm that were believed to control the health and mood of the human body.
   • , Book I, New York 2001,page 147:

     A humour is a liquid or fluent part of the body, comprehended in it, for the preservation of it; and is either innate or born with us, or adventitious and acquisite.

   • 1763, Antoine-Simon Le Page Du Pratz, History of Louisisana (PG), (tr. 1774) page 42:

     For some days a fistula lacrymalis had come into my left eye, which discharged an humour, when pressed, that portended danger.

   Synonym: bodily fluid

4. (medicine) Either of the two regions of liquid within the eyeball, the aqueous humour and vitreous humour.
5. (obsolete) Moist vapour, moisture.

Synonyms

• (something funny): comedy, wit, witticism

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

• ? Korean: ?? (yumeo)

Translations

Verb

humour (third-person singular simple present humours, present participle humouring, simple past and past participle humoured)

1. (transitive) To pacify by indulging.

Translations

See also

• humour on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

French

Etymology

Borrowed from English humour. Doublet of humeur.

Pronunciation

• ^{(mute h)} IPA^(key): /y.mu?/
• Rhymes: -u?

Noun

humour m (plural humours)

1. humor; comic effect in a communication or performance.

Derived terms

Further reading

• “humour” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Italian

Etymology

From English humour.

Noun

humour m (invariable)

1. sense of humour

Further reading

• humour in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Middle English

Alternative forms

• humore, umour, humor, humur, humer

Etymology

From Old French humor, from Latin h?mor, ?mor.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iu??mu?r/, /?iu?mur/

Noun

humour (plural humours)

1. A "cardinal humour" (four liquids believed to affect health and mood)
2. A bodily liquid or substance that causes disease or affliction.
3. A bodily liquid or substance that is caused by disease.
4. One of the two (usually reckoned as three or four) fluidous portions of the eye.
5. Any fluid; something which flows or moves in a fluidous manner:
   1. The liquid contained within a plant; plant juices.
   2. (rare) A liquid of the human body (e.g. blood)
6. A mist or gas; a substance dissipated in the air.
7. (rare) One of the four classical elements (fire, earth, air, and water).

Descendants

• English: humour, humor
• Scots: humour

References

• “h?m?ur, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-12-09.

See also

• (four humours) flewme,? coler,? malencolie,? sanguine ^[edit]

Old French

Noun

humour m or f

1. (Anglo-Norman) Alternative form of humor

English

Etymology

From French essence, from Latin essentia (“the being or essence of a thing”), from an artificial formation of esse (“to be”), to translate Ancient Greek ????? (ousía, “being”), from ?? (?n), present participle of ???? (eimí, “I am, exist”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??s?ns/

Noun

essence (countable and uncountable, plural essences)

2. The inherent nature of a thing or idea.
   • 1713 September 21, Joseph Addison, The Guardian, collected in The Works of the Late Right Honorable Joseph Addison, volume IV, Birmingham: John Baskerville, published 1761, page 263:

     CHARITY is a virtue of the heart, and not of the hands, ?ays an old writer. Gifts and alms are the expre??ions, not the e??ence of this virtue.
3. (philosophy) The true nature of anything, not accidental or illusory.
4. Constituent substance.
5. A being; especially, a purely spiritual being.
6. A significant feature of something.

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

7. The concentrated form of a plant or drug obtained through a distillation process.

8. An extract or concentrate obtained from a plant or other matter used for flavouring.

9. Fragrance, a perfume.

Synonyms

• (inherent nature): quintessence, whatness; See also Thesaurus:essence
• (significant feature): gist, crux; See also Thesaurus:gist
• (fragrance): aroma, bouquet; See also Thesaurus:aroma

Derived terms

• in essence
• of the essence; time is of the essence

Related terms

• essential
• essentially
• essentialism
• quintessential

Translations

Further reading

• essence in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• essence in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• senesce

French

Etymology

From Old French, from Latin essentia. Sense 2 very likely from Latin ed? (“eat”), in the sense of 'what is eaten, fuel'. Many forms of the latter are indistinguishable from the former, and so the confusion with essence is very understandable.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e.s??s/, /?.s??s/

Noun

essence f (plural essences)

1. (philosophy, theology) essence
2. petrol, gasoline
3. essence, essential oil

Derived terms

• poste d'essence
• station essence

Further reading

• “essence” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• censées