different between humbug vs fake

English

Etymology

Origin unknown; the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) states that “the facts as to its origin appear to have been lost, even before the word became common enough to excite attention”. It has been suggested that the word possibly derives from hummer (“(slang) An obvious lie”), or from hum (“(dialectal and slang) to cajole; delude; impose on”) + bug (“a goblin, a spectre”). In his Slang Dictionary (1872), English bibliophile and publisher John Camden Hotten (1832–1873) suggested a link to the name of the German city of Hamburg, “from which town so many false bulletins and reports came during the war in the last century”.

Hotten also said he had traced the earliest occurrence of the word to the title page of Ferdinando Killigrew’s book The Universal Jester (see quotations), which he dated to about 1735–1740. This dating has therefore been adopted by other dictionaries. However, the OED dates the word to about 1750, as the earliest edition of Killigrew’s work has been dated to 1754.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, Canada) IPA^(key): /?h?mb??/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?h?m?b??/
• Hyphenation: hum?bug

Noun

humbug (countable and uncountable, plural humbugs)

1. (countable, slang) A hoax, jest, or prank.
2. (countable, slang) A fraud or sham; (uncountable) hypocrisy.
3. (countable, slang) A cheat, fraudster, or hypocrite.
4. (uncountable, slang) Nonsense.
5. (countable, Britain) A type of hard sweet (candy), usually peppermint flavoured with a striped pattern.
6. (US, countable, slang) Anything complicated, offensive, troublesome, unpleasant or worrying; a misunderstanding, especially if trivial.
7. (US, countable, African American Vernacular, slang) A fight.
8. (countable, US, African American Vernacular, slang, dated) A gang.
9. (countable, US, crime, slang) A false arrest on trumped-up charges.
10. (countable, slang, perhaps by extension) The piglet of the wild boar.

Descendants

• ? Finnish: humpuuki
• ? German: Humbug
• ? Hungarian: humbug (perhaps in part through German)
• ? Polish: humbug (perhaps in part through German)

Translations

Interjection

humbug

1. (slang) Balderdash!, nonsense!, rubbish!

Verb

humbug (third-person singular simple present humbugs, present participle humbugging, simple past and past participle humbugged)

1. (slang) To play a trick on someone, to cheat, to swindle, to deceive.
   • 1810, Henry Brooke, “Epilogue on Humbugging”, in Samuel Johnson and Alexander Chalmers, The Works of the English Poets, from Chaucer to Cowper; including the Series Edited, with Prefaces, Biographical and Critical, by Dr. Samuel Johnson: And the Most Approved Translations. The Additional Lives by Alexander Chalmers, F.S.A. In Twenty-one Volumes, volume XVII (Glover, Whitehead, Jago, Brooke, Scott, Mickle, Jenyns), London: Printed for J[ames] Johnson; [et al.], OCLC 460902446, page 428:

     Of all trades and arts in repute or possession, / Humbugging is held the most ancient profession. / Twixt nations, and parties, and state politicians, / Prim shopkeepers, jobbers, smooth lawyers, physicians, / Of worth and of wisdom the trial and test / Is—mark ye, my friends!—who shall humbug the best.

   • 1873 May 1, John F. French, “Farming—Present and Prospective”, in James O. Adams, New Hampshire Agriculture. Third Annual Report of the Board of Agriculture to His Excellency the Governor, Nashua, N.H.: Orren C. Moore, state printer, OCLC 659327991, pages 204–205:

     Then again farmers are shamefully, lamentably, sometimes almost ruinously humbugged. All classes it is true are humbugged to a certain extent, but farmers in my view suffer themselves to be fooled and swindled in this respect to a greater degree than any other class in the community. They are humbugged in seeds, humbugged in manures, humbugged in agricultural implements, humbugged by agents, humbugged by patent peddlers, humbugged by store-keepers, humbugged by politicians, humbugged by corporations, till finally, some of them are in danger of becoming little less than humbugs themselves.
2. (US, African American Vernacular, slang) To fight; to act tough.
3. (slang, obsolete) To waste time talking.

Usage notes

The spellings humbuging and humbuged exist, but are not nearly so common as humbugging and humbugged.

Derived terms

• humbugger
• humbuggery
• humbugging (noun)

References

• humbug in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• John A. Simpson and Edward S. C. Weiner, editors (1989) , “humbug”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ?ISBN
• humbug in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

Further reading

• humbug on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Hungarian

Etymology

From English.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?humbu?]
• Hyphenation: hum?bug
• Rhymes: -u?

Noun

humbug (plural humbugok)

1. humbug

Declension

Interjection

humbug

1. humbug!

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fe?k/, enPR: f?k
• Rhymes: -e?k

Etymology 1

The origin is not known with certainty, although first attested in 1775 C.E. in British criminals' slang. It is probably from feak, feague (“to give a better appearance through artificial means”); akin to Dutch veeg (“a slap”), vegen (“to sweep, wipe”); German fegen (“to sweep, to polish”). Compare Old English f?cn, f?cen (“deceit, fraud”). Perhaps related to Old Norse fjúka (“fade, vanquish, disappear”), feikn (“strange, scary, unnatural”).

Adjective

fake (comparative faker or more fake, superlative fakest or most fake)

1. Not real; false, fraudulent.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:fake

   Antonyms: authentic, genuine

2. (of people) Insincere.

Derived terms

• fakeness

Translations

Noun

fake (plural fakes)

1. Something which is not genuine, or is presented fraudulently.

   I suspect this passport is a fake.

2. (sports) A move meant to deceive an opposing player, used for gaining advantage for example when dribbling an opponent.
3. (archaic) A trick; a swindle.

Synonyms

• (soccer move): feint, (ice hockey move): deke

Translations

Verb

fake (third-person singular simple present fakes, present participle faking, simple past and past participle faked)

1. (transitive) To make a counterfeit, to counterfeit, to forge, to falsify.
2. (transitive) To make a false display of, to affect, to feign, to simulate.

3. (archaic) To cheat; to swindle; to steal; to rob.
4. (archaic) To modify fraudulently, so as to make an object appear better or other than it really is
5. (music, transitive, intransitive) To improvise, in jazz.
   • 1994, ITA Journal (volume 22, page 20)

     Occasionally the opportunity arises to stand up and "fake" a jazz standard.

   • Denning, cited in 2020, Matt Brennan, Kick It: A Social History of the Drum Kit (page 110)

     In the face of this print music culture, 'faking' was the ability—at once respected and disrespected—to improvise a song (or a part in an arrangement) without reading the notation.

Synonyms

• (modify fraudulently): adulterate
• (make a false display): pass off, pose

Derived terms

• fake it
• fake out
• faker

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English faken (“to coil a rope”).

Noun

fake (plural fakes)

1. (nautical) One of the circles or windings of a cable or hawser, as it lies in a coil; a single turn or coil.

Translations

Verb

fake (third-person singular simple present fakes, present participle faking, simple past and past participle faked)

1. (nautical) To coil (a rope, line, or hawser), by winding alternately in opposite directions, in layers usually of zigzag or figure of eight form, to prevent twisting when running out.

Translations

Further reading

• fake on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• fake at OneLook Dictionary Search
• fake in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

References

Anagrams

• feak

Afar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /f??ke/

Verb

faké

1. (transitive) open

Conjugation

References

• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)?^[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis), page 275

Kristang

Noun

fake

1. knife

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from English fake.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?fejk(i)/

Noun

fake m (plural fakes)

1. (Internet slang) a fake account in a social network or other online community; a sock puppet

Adjective

fake (invariable, comparable)

1. (Internet slang, of an image or video shared on the web) fake, manipulated, not genuine

   Synonym: falso

   Antonyms: genuíno, real, autêntico