different between hoodlum vs hooligan

English

Etymology

First attested in a December 1866 Daily Alta California article, which mentions "the 'Hoodlum Gang' of juvenile thieves". Several possible origins have been proposed. It may derive from a Germanic word like Swabian hudelum (“disorderly”) or Bavarian Haderlump (“ragamuffin”).

Herbert Asbury's book The Barbary Coast: An Informal History of the San Francisco Underworld (1933, A. A. Knopf, New York) says the word originated in San Francisco from a particular street gang's call to unemployed Irishmen to "huddle 'em" (to beat up Chinese migrants), after which San Francisco newspapers took to calling street gangs "hoodlums".

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?hu?dl?m/, /?h?dl?m/
• Hyphenation: hood?lum

Noun

hoodlum (plural hoodlums)

1. A gangster; a hired thug.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:criminal
2. A rough or violent youth.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:troublemaker

Usage notes

• A short form, "hood," also exists.
• A nonstandard, jocular plural hoodla (treating the word like a Latin noun) also exists.
• The behavior of a hoodlum may be referred to as "hoodlumism."

Translations

References

Further reading

• “Frederick Bee History Project”, in (Please provide the title of the work)?^[2], accessed October 4, 2014

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?hu?.l?.??n/
• Hyphenation: hoo?li?gan

Etymology 1

Almost certainly from the surname Houlihan, 1890s.

Noun

hooligan (plural hooligans)

1. (informal, derogatory) A person that causes trouble or violence.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:troublemaker
2. Ellipsis of football hooligan.
3. (Navy slang, derogatory) A member of the coast guard.

Derived terms

• hool, hoolie

Related terms

• hooliganism

Descendants

• ? German: Hooligan
• ? Greek: ????????? (choúligkan)
• ? Russian: ???????? (xuligán)
  • ? Armenian: ???????? (xuligan)
  • ? Georgian: ???????? (xuligani)
  • ? Polish: chuligan
• ? Serbo-Croatian: h?lig?n / ?????????

Translations

See also

• lout
• thug
• yob, yobbo

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Chinook Jargon ulakan, from Clatsop Chinook, with spelling and pronunciation influenced by the preceding.

Noun

hooligan (plural hooligans)

1. A type of fish, an anadromous smelt, Thaleichthys pacificus, found in the North Pacific.

   Synonyms: eulachon, candlefish

Anagrams

• halooing

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English hooligan.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: hoo?li?gan

Noun

hooligan m (plural hooligans, diminutive hooligannetje n)

1. (derogatory) hooligan

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from English hooligan.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?hu.li.???/

Noun

hooligan m, f (plural hooligans)

1. a sports hooligan

Spanish

Noun

hooligan m or f (plural hoolíganes)

1. hooligan