different between hoodlum vs bully
hoodlum
English
Etymology
First attested in a December 1866 Daily Alta California article, which mentions "the 'Hoodlum Gang' of juvenile thieves". Several possible origins have been proposed. It may derive from a Germanic word like Swabian hudelum (“disorderly”) or Bavarian Haderlump (“ragamuffin”).
Herbert Asbury's book The Barbary Coast: An Informal History of the San Francisco Underworld (1933, A. A. Knopf, New York) says the word originated in San Francisco from a particular street gang's call to unemployed Irishmen to "huddle 'em" (to beat up Chinese migrants), after which San Francisco newspapers took to calling street gangs "hoodlums".
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?hu?dl?m/, /?h?dl?m/
- Hyphenation: hood?lum
Noun
hoodlum (plural hoodlums)
- A gangster; a hired thug.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:criminal
- A rough or violent youth.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:troublemaker
Usage notes
- A short form, "hood," also exists.
- A nonstandard, jocular plural hoodla (treating the word like a Latin noun) also exists.
- The behavior of a hoodlum may be referred to as "hoodlumism."
Translations
References
Further reading
- “Frederick Bee History Project”, in (Please provide the title of the work)?[2], accessed October 4, 2014
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bully
English
Etymology
From 1530, as a term of endearment, probably a diminutive ( +? -y) of Dutch boel (“lover; brother”), from Middle Dutch boel, boele (“brother; lover”), from Old Dutch *buolo, from Proto-Germanic *b?lô (compare Middle Low German bôle (“brother”), Middle High German buole (“brother; close relative; close relation”) (whence German Buhle (“lover”)), Old English B?la, B?lla (personal name), diminutive of expressive *b?- (“brother, father”). Compare also Latvian b?linš (“brother”). More at boy.
The term acquired negative senses during the 17th century; first ‘noisy, blustering fellow’ then ‘a person who is cruel to others’. Possibly influenced by bull (“male cattle”) or via the ‘prostitute's minder’ sense. The positive senses are dated, but survive in phrases such as bully pulpit.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?b?li/
- Rhymes: -?li
Noun
bully (countable and uncountable, plural bullies)
- A person who is intentionally physically or emotionally cruel to others, especially to those who are weaker or have less power or privilege. [from late 17th c.]
- A noisy, blustering, tyrannical person, more insolent than courageous; one who is threatening and quarrelsome.
- A hired thug.
- 1849, John McLean, Notes of a Twenty-Five Years' Service in the Hudson's Bay Territory, pp. 42-3:
- Mr. Fisher returned from town... he had learnt that our opponents intended to shift the scene of operations to the Chats... We understood that they had hired two bullies for the purpose of deciding the matter par voie de fait. Mr Fisher hired two of the same description, who were supposed to be more than a match for the opposition party.
- Synonyms: henchman, thug
- 1849, John McLean, Notes of a Twenty-Five Years' Service in the Hudson's Bay Territory, pp. 42-3:
- A sex worker’s minder.
- Synonyms: pimp; see also Thesaurus:pimp
- 2009, Dan Cruikshank, Secret History of Georgian London, Random House, p. 473:
- The Proclamation Society and the Society for the Suppression of Vice were more concerned with obscene literature […] than with hands-on street battles with prostitutes and their bullies […].
- (uncountable) Bully beef.
- (obsolete) A brisk, dashing fellow.
- The small scrum in the Eton College field game.
- Various small freshwater or brackishwater fish of the family Eleotridae; sleeper goby.
- (obsolete or dialectal, Ireland and Northern England) An (eldest) brother; a fellow workman; comrade
- (dialectal) A companion; mate (male or female).
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:friend
- (obsolete) A darling, sweetheart (male or female).
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:sweetheart
- (field hockey) A standoff between two players from the opposing teams, who repeatedly hit each other's hockey sticks and then attempt to acquire the ball, as a method of resuming the game in certain circumstances. Also called bully-off.
- (mining) A miner's hammer.
Translations
Verb
bully (third-person singular simple present bullies, present participle bullying, simple past and past participle bullied)
- (transitive) To intimidate (someone) as a bully.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:intimidate
- (transitive) To act aggressively towards.
- Synonyms: push around, ride roughshod over
Translations
Adjective
bully (comparative bullier, superlative bulliest)
- (US, slang) Very good.
- Synonyms: excellent; see also Thesaurus:excellent
- 1916, The Independent (volumes 35-36, page 6)
- She is a bully woman, not only a good mother, but a wonderful in-law
- (slang, obsolete) Jovial and blustering.
- Synonym: dashing
- 1597, William Shakespeare, The Merry Wives of Windsor Act II, scene iii:
Derived terms
- bully boy
- bully pulpit
Translations
Interjection
bully
- (often followed by for) Well done!
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:well done
Translations
Further reading
- bully on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
References
Dutch
Etymology
Borrowed from English bully, itself a derivation of Dutch boel (“lover; brother”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?bu.li/
- Hyphenation: bul?ly
Noun
bully m (plural bully's)
- (field hockey) bully (way of resuming the game with a standoff between two opposing players who repeatedly hit each other's sticks, then try to gain possession of the ball)
Spanish
Noun
bully m (plural bullys or bullies or bully)
- bully
bully From the web:
- what bullying
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