different between hof vs oof

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Hof. Doublet of howff.

Noun

hof (plural hofs)

1. Enclosure, court, dwelling, building, house.
   • 1993 May, William, Trevor, Jake's Castle, in Harper's Magazine:

     Ulrike lived in a farm hof, and all around me were the dark blank fields punctuated by a few disparate lights.

   • 2009, Chloe Aridjis, Book of Clouds (New York: Black Cat, 1st edition):

     Like many old houses, this one had a front section, where I lived, and at the back an interior courtyard, the Hof, enclosed on all three sides by more apartments.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Old Norse hóf, reinforced in modern (post-1990, chiefly neopagan) use by Icelandic hof (“shrine, temple”).

Pronunciation

• enPR: h?f, IPA^(key): /ho?f/

Noun

hof (plural hofs)

1. (Neopaganism) temple, sanctuary, hall.
   • 1996, Varg Vikernes, cited after Gardell, Gods of the Blood, 2003, p. 307.

     For each ten churches burned to ashes, one heathen hof is avenged.

   • 2005, Michael Strmiska, Modern Paganism In World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives, p. 170.

     Asatruarfelagid lacks a central religious temple, or hof in Icelandic. Constructing a hof has been high on the members' wish list for many years.

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Korean ?? (hopeu), in turn from German Hofbräuhaus. In English, the spelling has been re-aligned with the Korean term's etymon.

Noun

hof (plural hofs)

1. A Korean-style bar or pub.

Anagrams

• FOH, foh

Cimbrian

Noun

hof m

1. garden

References

• Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /h?f/, [?h?f]

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German hof, from Proto-Germanic *huf?, cognate with German Hof (“yard, court, farmyard”), Dutch hof (“yard, court, garden”), Old Norse hof (“shrine; court”). Doublet of hov (“shrine, temple”).

Noun

hof n (singular definite hoffet, plural indefinite hoffer)

1. court (family and society of a sovereign)
2. admirers

Inflection

References

• “hof” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “Hof,1” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Etymology 2

Clipping of hofpilsner, from hof (“court”) +? pilsner (“lager beer”).

Noun

hof c (singular definite hoffen, plural indefinite hof)

1. Carlsberg beer

Inflection

References

• “Hof,2” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch hof, from Old Dutch *hof, from Proto-Germanic *huf?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??f/
• Hyphenation: hof
• Rhymes: -?f

Noun

hof n or m (plural hoven, diminutive hofje n)

1. (royal) court
2. court of law; short form of gerechtshof
3. court, yard
4. (East and West Flanders) garden

Derived terms

Descendants

• Afrikaans: hof
• ? Papiamentu: hòfi (from the diminutive)

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse hof, from Proto-Germanic *huf?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /h??v/
• Rhymes: -??v

Noun

hof n (genitive singular hofs, nominative plural hof)

1. shrine, typically in a home on farm; by extension a temple

Declension

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *hof, from Proto-Germanic *huf?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /h?f/

Noun

hof n or m

1. court, enclosed space
2. garden
3. farmstead
4. castle (court of the nobility)

Inflection

Derived terms

• h?vesch

Descendants

• Dutch: hof
  • Afrikaans: hof
  • ? Papiamentu: hòfi (from the diminutive)
• Limburgish: haof, hoof
• ? Scots: howff
  • ? English: howff

Further reading

• “hof”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “hof (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN, page II

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *huf?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xof/, [hof]

Noun

hof n (nominative plural hofu)

1. court, hall
2. house, building

Declension

Descendants

• ? Middle English: hovel, hovil, hovylle (diminutive)
  • English: hovel

See also

• ærn n
• h?s n

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *h?faz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xo?f/, [ho?f]

Noun

h?f m

1. a hoof

Declension

Descendants

• English: hoof

Old Frisian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *huf?, from Proto-Indo-European *kewp- (“to bend”). Cognates include Old English hof, Old Saxon hof and Old Dutch *hof.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?hof/

Noun

hof n

1. court

Descendants

• North Frisian: hof
• Saterland Frisian: Hoaf
• West Frisian: hôf

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *h?faz, from Proto-Indo-European *?oph?ós. Cognates include Old English h?f, Old Saxon h?f and Old Dutch *huof.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ho?f/

Noun

h?f m

1. hoof

Descendants

• Saterland Frisian: Houf, Houch
• West Frisian: hoef

References

• Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, ?ISBN

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *huf? (“hill, house, temple”).

Pronunciation

• (12th century Icelandic) IPA^(key): /?hov/

Noun

hof n (genitive hofs, plural hof)

1. shrine, typically in a home of a farm
   • V?luspá, verse 7, lines 3-4, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 2:

     […] þeir er hörg ok hof / hátimbruðu, […]

     […] they who shrines and temples / high timbered, […]

2. a hall, court
   • Hymiskviða, verse 33, lines 3-4, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 48:

     […] út or óru / ölkjól hofi. […]

     […] forth from our house / the cauldron here. […]

3. a royal court

Usage notes

Old Norse makes the distinction between hof "a hall, a sanctuary with a roof" and h?rgr "an altar, any cult site without a roof".The prevalent meaning of hof in Old Norse literature is "temple, sanctuary". Cleasby and Vigfússon (1874) note the generic meaning "a hall (as in German and Saxon)" in Hymiskviða 33 as a hapax legomenon. The meaning of "court" follows Middle High German and appears only from the 14th century and almost exclusively in compounds such as hof-ferð "pride, pomp", hof-garðr "lordly mansion", hof-fólk "courtiers".

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

• Icelandic: hof
• Faroese: hov
• Norwegian: hov, hòv
• ? English: hof

References

• hof in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• hof in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, R. Cleasby and G. Vigfússon, Clarendon Press, 1874, at Internet Archive.
• hof in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.

Old Saxon

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *huf?.

Noun

hof n

1. dwelling, hovel, house
2. court, hall

Descendants

• Middle Low German: hof
  • German Low German: Hoff
  • Plautdietsch: Hoff
  • ? Danish: hof
  • ? Estonian: hoov
  • ? Norwegian: hoff
  • ? Old Swedish: hof
    • Swedish: hov
      • ? Finnish: huovi
    • ? Finnish: hovi

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *h?faz.

Noun

h?f m

1. a hoof

Swedish

Noun

hof n

1. royal court; Obsolete spelling of hov
2. hoof; Obsolete spelling of hov

Declension

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /u?f/, /?f/
• (General American) enPR: ?f, IPA^(key): /uf/
• Rhymes: -u?f, -?f

Etymology 1

An onomatopoeia. Similar to Dutch oef and German uff.The verb sense is from a sound effect used in point-of-view video games when a character dies.

Interjection

oof

1. (onomatopoeia) A sound mimicking the loss of air, as if someone's solar plexus had just been struck.
2. (slang) Synonym of ouch (“expressing sympathy at another's pain, shock at a high price, etc.”)

Noun

oof (plural oofs)

1. A sound made in pain, as when expelling air after being struck.

Verb

oof (third-person singular simple present oofs, present participle oofing, simple past and past participle oofed)

1. (video games, ergative) to kill.

Etymology 2

Clipping of ooftish

Noun

oof (uncountable)

1. (Britain, slang, dated) Money. [c. 1850 – c. 1940]
   • 1888, H. Rider Haggard, Colonel Quaritch V.C. (archive.org ebook), page 232:

     “Oh,” Johnnie was saying, “so Quest is his name, is it, and he lives in a city called Boisingham, does he? Is he an oof bird?” (rich)
     “Rather,” answered the Tiger, “if only one can make the dollars run, but he's a nasty mean boy, he is.

   • 1900, Harry B. Norris, Burlington Bertie (song)

     Burlington Bertie's the latest young jay
     He rents a swell flat somewhere Kensington way
     He spends the good oof that his pater has made
     Along with the Brandy and Soda Brigade.

   • 1911–1912, published 1916, Gilbert Parker, The World For Sale, book 2, chapter 10 (Gutenberg ebook, archive.org ebook):

     What's he after? Oof—oof—oof, that's what he's after. He's for his own pocket, he's for being boss of all the woolly West. He's after keeping us poor and making himself rich.

   • 1991 May 12, "Kidnapped!" Jeeves and Wooster, Series 2, Episode 5:

     Chuffy: It's on a knife edge at the moment, Bertie. If he can get planning permission, old Stoker's going to take this heap off my hands in return for vast amounts of oof.

Synonyms

• See Thesaurus:money

Derived terms

• feathered oof-bird (“large source of money”)
• make the oof-bird walk (“to circulate money”)
• oof-bag (“source of money”)
• oof-bird (“source of money”)
• oofless (“poor”)
• oofy (“rich”)
• pad the oof (“to fold banknotes to appear twice as much”)

References

• Farmer, John Stephen (1902) Slang and Its Analogues?^[1], volume 5, page 107
• “oof”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.

Anagrams

• Foo, foo, foo'