different between hawk vs bellicist

English

Pronunciation

• (UK) enPR: hôk, IPA^(key): /h??k/
• (US) enPR: hôk, IPA^(key): /h?k/
• (cot–caught merger) enPR: häk, IPA^(key): /h?k/
• Rhymes: -??k
• Homophone: hock (accents with cot-caught merger)

Etymology 1

From Middle English hauk, hauke, hawke, havek, from Old English hafoc (“hawk”), from Proto-West Germanic *habuk, from Proto-Germanic *habukaz (compare West Frisian hauk, German Low German Haavke, Dutch havik, German Habicht, Norwegian hauk, Faroese heykur, Icelandic haukur), from Proto-Indo-European *kopu?os (compare Latin capys, capus (“bird of prey”), Albanian gabonjë, shkabë (“eagle”), Russian ?????? (kóbec, “falcon”), Polish kobuz (“Eurasian Hobby”)), perhaps ultimately derived from *keh?p- (“seize”).

Noun

hawk (plural hawks)

1. A diurnal predatory bird of the family Accipitridae, smaller than an eagle.

2. Any diurnal predatory terrestrial bird of similar size and appearance to the accipitrid hawks, such as a falcon.
3. (entomology) Any of various species of dragonfly of the genera Apocordulia and Austrocordulia, endemic to Australia.
4. (politics) An advocate of aggressive political positions and actions. [from 1962]

   Synonyms: warmonger, war hawk

   Antonym: dove

   • 1962, McGeorge Bundy[1]:

     Everybody knows who were the hawks and who were the doves.

   • 1990, Peter Hopkirk, The Great Game, Folio Society 2010, p. 106:

     A hawk by nature, Ellenborough strongly favoured presenting St Petersburg with an ultimatum warning that any further incursions into Persia would be regarded as a hostile act.

   • 2019, "The World in 2020", The Economist:

     President Donald Trump has spent years playing the role of a China hawk.

5. (game theory) An uncooperative or purely-selfish participant in an exchange or game, especially when untrusting, acquisitive or treacherous. Refers specifically to the Prisoner's Dilemma, alias the Hawk-Dove game.

   Antonym: dove

Hyponyms

Related terms

Derived terms

Related terms

• creshawk
• goshawk
• sparhawk

Descendants

• Sranan Tongo: aka

Translations

Verb

hawk (third-person singular simple present hawks, present participle hawking, simple past and past participle hawked)

1. (transitive) To hunt with a hawk.
2. (intransitive) To make an attack while on the wing; to soar and strike like a hawk.

   • But whether upward to the moon they go, Or dream the winter out in caves below, Or hawk at flies elsewhere

Translations

Derived terms

• hawk after
• hawk at
• hawk for
• hawker
• hawking

Etymology 2

Uncertain origin; perhaps from Middle English hache (“battle-axe”), or from a variant use of the above.

Noun

hawk (plural hawks)

1. A plasterer's tool, made of a flat surface with a handle below, used to hold an amount of plaster prior to application to the wall or ceiling being worked on: a mortarboard.

   Synonym: mortarboard

Derived terms

• hawk boy, hawk-boy

Translations

Etymology 3

Back-formation from hawker.

Verb

hawk (third-person singular simple present hawks, present participle hawking, simple past and past participle hawked)

1. (transitive) To sell; to offer for sale by outcry in the street; to carry (merchandise) about from place to place for sale; to peddle.

   The vendors were hawking their wares from little tables lining either side of the market square.

   • 1713, Jonathan Swift, Imitation of Horace, Book I. Ep. VII.

     His works were hawked in every street.

Derived terms

• hawked
• hawkery
• hawking
• hawky

Related terms

• hawker

Translations

Etymology 4

Onomatopoeic.

Noun

hawk (plural hawks)

1. A noisy effort to force up phlegm from the throat.

Synonyms

• hawking (noun)

Translations

Verb

hawk (third-person singular simple present hawks, present participle hawking, simple past and past participle hawked)

2. (transitive, intransitive) To expectorate, to cough up something from one's throat.
   • 1751, Tobias Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle, I. xvi. 117

     He hawked up, with incredible straining, the interjection ah!

   • 1953, Saul Bellow, The Adventures of Augie March, Viking Press, chapter 3:

     He had a new tough manner of pulling down breath and hawking into the street.

3. (transitive, intransitive) To try to cough up something from one's throat; to clear the throat loudly.

Derived terms

• hawking (noun)

Translations

See also

• Hawkshaw, hawkshaw
• Hawkubite
• winkle-hawk

Further reading

• hawk on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Manx

Noun

hawk

1. Lenited form of shawk.

English

Etymology

Latin bellicus (“of or pertaining to war; warlike”), +? -ist; possibly adapted from the French neologism belliciste (about Bismarck, 1871; in Émile Faguet, 1908).

Noun

bellicist (plural bellicists)

1. An adherent of bellicism; one who advocates war.
   • The bellicist was sure to advocate an end to the policy of appeasement.
   • 1912, Norman Angell, Peace Theories and the Balkan War, page 19:

     Or, if you deem that that word connotes non-resistance, though to the immense bulk of Pacifists it does not, you would be an anti-Bellicist, to use a dreadful word coined by M. Emile Faguet in the discussion of this matter. [Refers to the book: Émile Faguet, Le Pacifisme (French), 1908.]

   • 1919, in The Living Age, vol. 303, Oct-Dec 1919, page 173:

     As for what are called ‘war books,’ whether written from the pacifist or bellicist point of view, more or less brilliant reporting with emphatic or cynical anecdotes, surely there has been enough of them in the United States as well as in France and in England.

   • 1942, in Contemporary Japan: A Review of Far Eastern Affairs, vol. 11, No. 1, Jan 1942, page 220-221:

     It may be that this standard definition errs, in representing every state structure as essentially based on conflict: it involves, as the writer pointed out in an address delivered long ago in 1915, a “bellicist theory of state structure.” […] It may be well, therefore, to discard the “bellicist” idea of a state essentially based on conflict and involving a superior body which forcibly imposes its will on the mass. [Refers to the paper: Dr. Thomas Baty, "The Bellicist Theory of State Structure", 1915.]

   • 2008, David P. Barash & Charles P. Webel, Peace and Conflict Studies, page 31:

     British historian Michael Howard introduced the term bellicist to refer to cultures “almost universal in the past, far from extinct in our own day, in which the setting of contentious issues by armed conflict is regarded as natural, inevitable and right.”

Synonyms

• hawk
• militarist
• warmonger
• warnik

Antonyms

• anti-bellicist
• dove
• pacifist
• peacenik

Translations

Adjective

bellicist (comparative more bellicist, superlative most bellicist)

1. Of or relating to bellicism, a bellicist, bellicists, advocating war, who is war-centered or war-oriented.

Synonyms

• bellicistic
• hawkish
• militarist
• militaristic
• warmonger
• warmongering

Antonyms

• anti-bellicist
• dovish
• pacifist
• pacifistic

Translations

Related terms

• militarist