different between hard vs robust
hard
English
Etymology
From Middle English hard, from Old English heard, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(?), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European *kort-ús, from *kret- (“strong, powerful”). Cognate with German hart, Swedish hård, Ancient Greek ?????? (kratús), Sanskrit ????? (krátu), Avestan ????????????????????? (xratu).
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: häd, IPA(key): /h??d/
- (General American) enPR: härd, IPA(key): /h??d/
- Rhymes: -??(?)d
Adjective
hard (comparative harder, superlative hardest)
- (of material or fluid) Having a severe property; presenting difficulty.
- Resistant to pressure.
- (of drink or drugs) Strong.
- (of a normally nonalcoholic drink) Containing alcohol.
- hard cider, hard lemonade, hard seltzer, hard soda
- (of water) High in dissolved chemical salts, especially those of calcium.
- (physics, of a ferromagnetic material) Having the capability of being a permanent magnet by being a material with high magnetic coercivity (compare soft).
- (photography, of light) Made up of parallel rays, producing clearly defined shadows.
- Resistant to pressure.
- (personal or social) Having a severe property; presenting difficulty.
- Difficult or requiring a lot of effort to do, understand, experience, or deal with.
- 1988, An Oracle, Edmund White
- Ray found it hard to imagine having accumulated so many mannerisms before the dawn of sex, of the sexual need to please, of the staginess sex encourages or the tightly capped wells of poisoned sexual desire the disappointed must stand guard over.
- 1988, An Oracle, Edmund White
- Demanding a lot of effort to endure.
- Severe, harsh, unfriendly, brutal.
- The senator asked the party chief to put the hard word on his potential rivals.
- 1730, Henry Fielding, Rape upon Rape, Act 4, Scene 7:
- Leave off fornicating; leave the girls to the boys, and stand to thy bottle; it is a virtue becoming our years; and don’t be too hard on a wild honest young rake.
- (dated) Difficult to resist or control; powerful.
- (military) Hardened; having unusually strong defences.
- a hard site
- Difficult or requiring a lot of effort to do, understand, experience, or deal with.
- Unquestionable, unequivocal.
- (of a road intersection) Having a comparatively larger or a ninety-degree angle.
- (slang, vulgar, of a male) Sexually aroused; erect.
- (bodybuilding) Having muscles that are tightened as a result of intense, regular exercise.
- (phonetics, not comparable)
- Plosive.
- Unvoiced
- Velarized or plain, rather than palatalized
- Plosive.
- (art) Having a severe property; presenting a barrier to enjoyment.
- Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of composition.
- Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in colour or shading.
- (not comparable)
- In a physical form, not digital.
- Using a manual or physical process, not by means of a software command.
- In a physical form, not digital.
- (politics) Far, extreme.
- hard right, hard left
- Of silk: not having had the natural gum boiled off.
Synonyms
- (resistant to pressure): resistant, solid, stony, see also Thesaurus:hard
- (requiring a lot of effort to do or understand): confusing, difficult, puzzling, tough, tricky
- (requiring a lot of effort to endure): difficult, intolerable, tough, unbearable
- (severe): harsh, hostile, severe, strict, tough, unfriendly
- (unquestionable): incontrovertible, indubitable, unambiguous, unequivocal, unquestionable
- (of drink): strong
- See also Thesaurus:difficult
Antonyms
- (resistant to pressure): soft
- (requiring a lot of effort to do or understand): easy, simple, straightforward, trite
- (requiring a lot of effort to endure): bearable, easy
- (severe): agreeable, amiable, approachable, friendly, nice, pleasant
- (unquestionable): controvertible, doubtful, ambiguous, equivocal, questionable
- (of drink):
- (low in alcohol): low-alcohol
- (non-alcoholic): alcohol-free, soft, non-alcoholic
- (of roads): soft
- (sexually aroused): soft, flaccid
- (phonetics, all senses): soft
Derived terms
Related terms
- hardpeer
- hardy
Descendants
- ? Finnish: haarti
Translations
Adverb
hard (comparative harder, superlative hardest)
- (manner) With much force or effort.
- He hit the puck hard up the ice.
- They worked hard all week.
- At the intersection, bear hard left.
- The recession hit them especially hard.
- Think hard about your choices.
- prayed so hard for mercy from the prince
- c. 1610-11, William Shakespeare, The Tempest, Act III, Scene i[3]:
- […] My father / Is hard at study. Pray now, rest yourself;
- (manner) With difficulty.
- His degree was hard earned.
- (obsolete) So as to raise difficulties.
- (manner) Compactly.
- The lake had finally frozen hard.
- (now archaic) Near, close.
- […] whose house joined hard to the synagogue.
- 1999, George RR Martin, A Clash of Kings, Bantam 2011, page 418:
- It was another long day's march before they glimpsed the towers of Harrenhal in the distance, hard beside the blue waters of the lake.
Derived terms
Translations
Noun
hard (countable and uncountable, plural hards)
- (countable, nautical) A firm or paved beach or slope convenient for hauling vessels out of the water.
- 1952, Edward John Barrington Douglas-Scott-Montagu Baron Montagu, Beaulieu, the Abbey, Palace House, and Buckler's Hard (page 36)
- The Monastery's ironworks at Sowley were renowned for centuries but declined with the passing of the 'wooden walls' at Buckler's Hard — a great number of these ships having been built with timber from the Beaulieu Woods […]
- 1952, Edward John Barrington Douglas-Scott-Montagu Baron Montagu, Beaulieu, the Abbey, Palace House, and Buckler's Hard (page 36)
- (countable, motorsports) A tyre whose compound is softer than superhards, and harder than mediums.
- (uncountable, drugs, slang) Crack cocaine.
- (uncountable, slang) Hard labor.
- The prisoners were sentenced to three years' hard.
Anagrams
- Dhar
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??rt/
- Hyphenation: hard
- Rhymes: -?rt
- Homophone: hart
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch hart, from Old Dutch hart, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(?), from Proto-Germanic *harduz.
Adjective
hard (comparative harder, superlative hardst)
- hard, strong
- Antonym: zacht
- (economics, of a currency) strong, not easily devalued
- unquestionable, uncontestable
- heartless, unsympathetic (of a person)
- Antonym: zacht
- hard, difficult
- harsh, heavy
- hard, rich in calcium (of water)
- Antonym: zacht
- loud (of sound)
- Synonym: luid
- Antonym: zacht
Inflection
Derived terms
- hardheid
- hardlopen
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adverb
hard
- (speed) fast, swiftly
- very
- loudly
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the main entry.
Verb
hard
- first-person singular present indicative of harden
- imperative of harden
French
Etymology
Borrowed from English hard.
Pronunciation
- (aspirated h) IPA(key): /a?d/
Adjective
hard (plural hards)
- (of pornography) hardcore
Noun
hard m (plural hards)
- hardcore pornography
- hard rock
- 2004, Thomas Mansier, Identité du rock et presse spécialisée. Évolution d'une culture et de son discours critique dans les magazines français des années 90, page 98.
- 2014, Christian Eudeline, "Uriah Heep. Look At Yourself", in Du hard rock au métal. Les 100 albums cultes, Gründ (publ.).
- 2004, Thomas Mansier, Identité du rock et presse spécialisée. Évolution d'une culture et de son discours critique dans les magazines français des années 90, page 98.
Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ha???d??]
Adjective
hard
- h-prothesized form of ard
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Old Norse harðr, from Proto-Germanic *harduz.
Adjective
hard (neuter singular hardt, definite singular and plural harde, comparative hardere, indefinite superlative hardest, definite superlative hardeste)
- hard (not soft)
- hard, stern, severe
- hardy
Derived terms
- beinhard
- hardhet
- hardkokt
- hardtslående
Related terms
- forherde
- herde
References
- “hard” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Old Norse harðr, from Proto-Germanic *harduz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /h??r/, /h???/ (example of pronunciation)
- Homophone: har
Adjective
hard (masculine and feminine hard, neuter hardt, definite singular and plural harde, comparative hardare, indefinite superlative hardast, definite superlative hardaste)
- hard
- hard, stern, severe
- hardy
Derived terms
- beinhard
- hardkokt
References
- “hard” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *hard(?).
Adjective
hard (comparative hardiro, superlative hardist)
- hard
Declension
Derived terms
- hard?
Descendants
- Low German: hard, hart (inflected hart-)
Spanish
Etymology
From English hard.
Adjective
hard (invariable)
- hard, heavy, hardcore
hard From the web:
- what hardiness zone am i in
- what hard drives are compatible with ps4
- what hard drive do i have
- what hard drives are compatible with ps5
- what hardware and software are used for telemedicine
- what hard drives are compatible with xbox one
- what hardens stool
- what hardware stores are open
robust
English
Etymology
From Latin r?bustus, from r?bur, r?bus (“strength, hard timber, oak”).
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /????b?st/, /???b?st/
- (General American) IPA(key): /?o??b?st/
- Rhymes: -?st
- Hyphenation: ro?bust
Adjective
robust (comparative robuster or more robust, superlative robustest or most robust) (see usage notes)
- Evincing strength and health; strong.
- He was a robust man of six feet four.
- robust health
- A robust wall was put up.
- 1869, Anthony Trollope, Phineas Finn
- She was stronger, larger, more robust physically than he had hitherto conceived.
- Violent; rough; rude.
- Requiring strength or vigor
- robust employment
- Sensible (of intellect etc.); straightforward, not given to or confused by uncertainty or subtlety
- (systems engineering) Designed or evolved in such a way as to be resistant to total failure despite partial damage.
- (software engineering) Resistant or impervious to failure regardless of user input or unexpected conditions.
- (statistics) Not greatly influenced by errors in assumptions about the distribution of sample errors.
Usage notes
- "More" and "most robust" are much more common than the forms ending in "-er" or "-est".
Derived terms
- robustness
Translations
See also
- Robust statistics on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Anagrams
- brotus, or bust, turbos
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin r?bustus, first attested circa 1400.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /ru?bust/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /ro?bust/
Adjective
robust (feminine robusta, masculine plural robusts or robustos, feminine plural robustes)
- robust (evincing strength and health)
- Synonyms: fort, vigorós
Derived terms
- robustament
- robustesa
Further reading
- “robust” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “robust” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “robust” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
References
German
Etymology
From Latin r?bustus, from r?bur, r?bus (“strength, hard timber, oak”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?o?b?st/
- Hyphenation: ro?bust
Adjective
robust (comparative robuster, superlative am robustesten)
- robust
Declension
Derived terms
- Robustheit
Further reading
- “robust” in Duden online
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Latin robustus
Adjective
robust (neuter singular robust, definite singular and plural robuste)
- robust, sturdy
References
- “robust” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Latin robustus
Adjective
robust (neuter singular robust, definite singular and plural robuste)
- robust, sturdy
References
- “robust” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Romanian
Etymology
From French robuste.
Adjective
robust m or n (feminine singular robust?, masculine plural robu?ti, feminine and neuter plural robuste)
- robust
Declension
robust From the web:
- what robust means
- what robust can do
- what's robusta coffee
- what robust does
- what robusto mean
- what robust estimator
- what's robusto in english
- what robust system
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