different between hard vs adamantine

English

Etymology

From Middle English hard, from Old English heard, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(?), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European *kort-ús, from *kret- (“strong, powerful”). Cognate with German hart, Swedish hård, Ancient Greek ?????? (kratús), Sanskrit ????? (krátu), Avestan ????????????????????? (xratu).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: häd, IPA^(key): /h??d/
• (General American) enPR: härd, IPA^(key): /h??d/
• Rhymes: -??(?)d

Adjective

hard (comparative harder, superlative hardest)

1. (of material or fluid) Having a severe property; presenting difficulty.
   1. Resistant to pressure.

   2. (of drink or drugs) Strong.
   3. (of a normally nonalcoholic drink) Containing alcohol.

      hard cider, hard lemonade, hard seltzer, hard soda

   4. (of water) High in dissolved chemical salts, especially those of calcium.
   5. (physics, of a ferromagnetic material) Having the capability of being a permanent magnet by being a material with high magnetic coercivity (compare soft).
   6. (photography, of light) Made up of parallel rays, producing clearly defined shadows.
2. (personal or social) Having a severe property; presenting difficulty.
   1. Difficult or requiring a lot of effort to do, understand, experience, or deal with.
      • 1988, An Oracle, Edmund White

        Ray found it hard to imagine having accumulated so many mannerisms before the dawn of sex, of the sexual need to please, of the staginess sex encourages or the tightly capped wells of poisoned sexual desire the disappointed must stand guard over.
   2. Demanding a lot of effort to endure.

   3. Severe, harsh, unfriendly, brutal.

      The senator asked the party chief to put the hard word on his potential rivals.

      • 1730, Henry Fielding, Rape upon Rape, Act 4, Scene 7:

        Leave off fornicating; leave the girls to the boys, and stand to thy bottle; it is a virtue becoming our years; and don’t be too hard on a wild honest young rake.

   4. (dated) Difficult to resist or control; powerful.
   5. (military) Hardened; having unusually strong defences.

      a hard site

3. Unquestionable, unequivocal.
4. (of a road intersection) Having a comparatively larger or a ninety-degree angle.

5. (slang, vulgar, of a male) Sexually aroused; erect.

6. (bodybuilding) Having muscles that are tightened as a result of intense, regular exercise.
7. (phonetics, not comparable)
   1. Plosive.

   2. Unvoiced

   3. Velarized or plain, rather than palatalized

8. (art) Having a severe property; presenting a barrier to enjoyment.
   1. Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of composition.
   2. Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in colour or shading.
9. (not comparable)
   1. In a physical form, not digital.

   2. Using a manual or physical process, not by means of a software command.

10. (politics) Far, extreme.

    hard right, hard left

11. Of silk: not having had the natural gum boiled off.

Synonyms

• (resistant to pressure): resistant, solid, stony, see also Thesaurus:hard
• (requiring a lot of effort to do or understand): confusing, difficult, puzzling, tough, tricky
• (requiring a lot of effort to endure): difficult, intolerable, tough, unbearable
• (severe): harsh, hostile, severe, strict, tough, unfriendly
• (unquestionable): incontrovertible, indubitable, unambiguous, unequivocal, unquestionable
• (of drink): strong
• See also Thesaurus:difficult

Antonyms

• (resistant to pressure): soft
• (requiring a lot of effort to do or understand): easy, simple, straightforward, trite
• (requiring a lot of effort to endure): bearable, easy
• (severe): agreeable, amiable, approachable, friendly, nice, pleasant
• (unquestionable): controvertible, doubtful, ambiguous, equivocal, questionable
• (of drink):
  • (low in alcohol): low-alcohol
  • (non-alcoholic): alcohol-free, soft, non-alcoholic
• (of roads): soft
• (sexually aroused): soft, flaccid
• (phonetics, all senses): soft

Derived terms

Related terms

• hardpeer
• hardy

Descendants

• ? Finnish: haarti

Translations

Adverb

hard (comparative harder, superlative hardest)

1. (manner) With much force or effort.

   He hit the puck hard up the ice.

   They worked hard all week.

   At the intersection, bear hard left.

   The recession hit them especially hard.

   Think hard about your choices.

   • prayed so hard for mercy from the prince

   • c. 1610-11, William Shakespeare, The Tempest, Act III, Scene i^[3]:

     […] My father / Is hard at study. Pray now, rest yourself;
2. (manner) With difficulty.

   His degree was hard earned.

3. (obsolete) So as to raise difficulties.
4. (manner) Compactly.

   The lake had finally frozen hard.

5. (now archaic) Near, close.

   • […] whose house joined hard to the synagogue.

   • 1999, George RR Martin, A Clash of Kings, Bantam 2011, page 418:

     It was another long day's march before they glimpsed the towers of Harrenhal in the distance, hard beside the blue waters of the lake.

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

hard (countable and uncountable, plural hards)

1. (countable, nautical) A firm or paved beach or slope convenient for hauling vessels out of the water.
   • 1952, Edward John Barrington Douglas-Scott-Montagu Baron Montagu, Beaulieu, the Abbey, Palace House, and Buckler's Hard (page 36)

     The Monastery's ironworks at Sowley were renowned for centuries but declined with the passing of the 'wooden walls' at Buckler's Hard — a great number of these ships having been built with timber from the Beaulieu Woods […]

2. (countable, motorsports) A tyre whose compound is softer than superhards, and harder than mediums.
3. (uncountable, drugs, slang) Crack cocaine.
4. (uncountable, slang) Hard labor.

   The prisoners were sentenced to three years' hard.

Anagrams

• Dhar

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??rt/
• Hyphenation: hard
• Rhymes: -?rt
• Homophone: hart

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch hart, from Old Dutch hart, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(?), from Proto-Germanic *harduz.

Adjective

hard (comparative harder, superlative hardst)

1. hard, strong

   Antonym: zacht

2. (economics, of a currency) strong, not easily devalued
3. unquestionable, uncontestable

4. heartless, unsympathetic (of a person)

   Antonym: zacht

5. hard, difficult

6. harsh, heavy

7. hard, rich in calcium (of water)

   Antonym: zacht

8. loud (of sound)

   Synonym: luid

   Antonym: zacht

Inflection

Derived terms

• hardheid
• hardlopen

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

hard

1. (speed) fast, swiftly

2. very
3. loudly

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the main entry.

Verb

hard

1. first-person singular present indicative of harden
2. imperative of harden

French

Etymology

Borrowed from English hard.

Pronunciation

• ^{(aspirated h)} IPA^(key): /a?d/

Adjective

hard (plural hards)

1. (of pornography) hardcore

Noun

hard m (plural hards)

1. hardcore pornography

2. hard rock
   • 2004, Thomas Mansier, Identité du rock et presse spécialisée. Évolution d'une culture et de son discours critique dans les magazines français des années 90, page 98.

   • 2014, Christian Eudeline, "Uriah Heep. Look At Yourself", in Du hard rock au métal. Les 100 albums cultes, Gründ (publ.).

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ha???d??]

Adjective

hard

1. h-prothesized form of ard

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse harðr, from Proto-Germanic *harduz.

Adjective

hard (neuter singular hardt, definite singular and plural harde, comparative hardere, indefinite superlative hardest, definite superlative hardeste)

1. hard (not soft)
2. hard, stern, severe
3. hardy

Derived terms

• beinhard
• hardhet
• hardkokt
• hardtslående

Related terms

• forherde
• herde

References

• “hard” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse harðr, from Proto-Germanic *harduz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /h??r/, /h???/ (example of pronunciation)
• Homophone: har

Adjective

hard (masculine and feminine hard, neuter hardt, definite singular and plural harde, comparative hardare, indefinite superlative hardast, definite superlative hardaste)

1. hard
2. hard, stern, severe
3. hardy

Derived terms

• beinhard
• hardkokt

References

• “hard” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *hard(?).

Adjective

hard (comparative hardiro, superlative hardist)

1. hard

Declension

Derived terms

• hard?

Descendants

• Low German: hard, hart (inflected hart-)

Spanish

Etymology

From English hard.

Adjective

hard (invariable)

1. hard, heavy, hardcore

English

Etymology

From Middle English adamantine, from Latin adamantinus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?æd??mænta?n/

Adjective

adamantine (comparative more adamantine, superlative most adamantine)

1. Made of adamant, or having the qualities of adamant; incapable of being broken, dissolved, or penetrated.
   • 1674, John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book I, lines 44–49:

     Him the Almighty Power

     Hurld headlong flaming from th' Ethereal Skie

     With hideous ruine and combustion down

     To bottomless perdition, there to dwell

     In Adamantine Chains and penal Fire,

     Who durst defie th' Omnipotent to Arms.

   • 1837 Thomas Carlyle, The French Revolution: A History

     For two hours they stand; Bouillé's sword glittering in his hand, adamantine resolution clouding his brows[.]

   • 1984, Gayle Rubin, "Thinking Sex" in Carole S. Vance, Pleasure and Danger: Exploring Female Sexuality (Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul), 267-319.

     Sex law is the most adamantine instrument of sexual stratification and erotic persecution.

2. Like the diamond in hardness or luster.

Translations

Anagrams

• amantadine, antamanide, diamantane

French

Adjective

adamantine

1. feminine singular of adamantin

Italian

Adjective

adamantine f pl

1. feminine plural of adamantino

Latin

Adjective

adamantine

1. vocative masculine singular of adamantinus

Middle English

Alternative forms

• adamantyne, adamauntyn

Etymology

From Latin adamantinus; equivalent to adamant +? -ine.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ad??manti?n(?)/, /ad??mau?nti?n(?)/

Adjective

adamantine

1. (rare) Relating to adamant; adamantine.

Descendants

• English: adamantine

References

• “adama(u)nt?n, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-11.