different between harbinger vs token
harbinger
English
Etymology
Originally, a person that is sent in advance to arrange lodgings. From Middle English herbergeour, from Old French herbergeor (French hébergeur), from Frankish *heriberga (“lodging, inn”, literally “army shelter”), from Proto-Germanic *harjaz (“army”) + *bergô (“protection”). Compare German Herberge, Italian albergo, Dutch herberg, English harbor. More at here, borrow.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /?h??b?nd??/
- (US) enPR: här?b?nj?r, IPA(key): /?h??b?nd???/
Noun
harbinger (plural harbingers)
- (usually in the plural) A person or thing that foreshadows or foretells the coming of someone or something.
- Synonyms: forewarning, herald, omen, premonition, sign, signal, prophet
- 1828, Walter Savage Landor, Imaginary Conversations, Lord Brooke and Sir Philip Sidney
- I knew by these harbingers who were coming.
- (obsolete) One who provides lodgings; especially, the officer of the English royal household who formerly preceded the court when travelling, to provide and prepare lodgings.
- 1644, Thomas Fuller, Truth Maintained (a sermon)
- outward decency […] is the Harbinger to provide the lodging for inward holinesse
- 1644, Thomas Fuller, Truth Maintained (a sermon)
Translations
Verb
harbinger (third-person singular simple present harbingers, present participle harbingering, simple past and past participle harbingered)
- (transitive) To announce or precede; to be a harbinger of.
- Synonym: herald
Translations
See also
- bellwether
Further reading
- Harbinger in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)
- harbinger in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
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token
English
Etymology
From Middle English token, taken, from Old English t?cn (“sign”), from Proto-West Germanic *taikn, from Proto-Germanic *taikn?, from Proto-Indo-European *dey?- (“to show, instruct, teach”) with Germanic *k rather than *h by Kluge's law.
The verb is from Middle English toknen, from Old English t?cnian. Cognate with German Zeichen.
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /?t??k?n/
- (US) enPR: t?k??n IPA(key): /?to?k?n/
- Rhymes: -??k?n
Noun
token (plural tokens)
- Something serving as an expression of something else.
- Synonyms: sign, symbol
- A keepsake.
- Synonyms: memento, souvenir
- A piece of stamped metal or plastic, etc., used as a substitute for money; a voucher that can be exchanged for goods or services.
- A small physical object, often designed to give the appearance of a common thing, used to represent a person or character in a board game or other situation.
- A minor attempt for appearance's sake, or to minimally comply with a requirement.
- His apology was no more than a token.
- A member of a group of people that is included within a larger group to comply with a legal or social requirement.
- (obsolete, sometimes figuratively) Evidence, proof; a confirming detail; physical trace, mark, footprint.
- Support for a belief; grounds for an opinion.
- Synonyms: reason, reasoning
- An extraordinary event serving as evidence of supernatural power.
- Synonym: miracle
- An object or disclosure to attest or authenticate the bearer or an instruction.
- Synonym: password
- A seal guaranteeing the quality of an item.
- Something given or shown as a symbol or guarantee of authority or right; a sign of authenticity, of power, good faith.
- ca. 1605, William Shakespeare, Measure fir Measure, Act IV, sc. 3:
- Say, by this token, I desire his company.
- 1611, King James Version, Exodus 3:12:
- And he said, Certainly I will be with thee; and this shall be a token unto thee, that I have sent thee: When thou hast brought forth the people out of Egypt, ye shall serve God upon this mountain.
- ca. 1605, William Shakespeare, Measure fir Measure, Act IV, sc. 3:
- A tally.
- (philosophy) A particular thing to which a concept applies.
- (computing) An atomic piece of data, such as a word, for which a meaning may be inferred during parsing.
- Synonym: symbol
- Coordinate term: placeholder
- 2004, Randall Hyde, Write Great Code: Understanding the Machine, page 68
- For each lexeme, the scanner creates a small data package known as a token and passes this data package on to the parser.
- (computing) A conceptual object that can be possessed by a computer, process, etc. in order to regulate a turn-taking system such as a token ring network.
- (computing) A meaningless placeholder used as a substitute for sensitive data.
- (grammar) A lexeme; a basic, grammatically indivisible unit of a language such as a keyword, operator or identifier.
- (corpus linguistics) A single example of a certain word in a text or corpus.
- 2007, Khurshid Ahmad, "Artificial Ontologies and Real Thoughts: Populating the Semantic Web?", Roberto Basili, Maria Teresa Pazienza (eds.), AI*IA 2007: Artificial Intelligence and Human-Oriented Computing, Springer-Verlag, page 10.
- Antonym: type
- 2007, Khurshid Ahmad, "Artificial Ontologies and Real Thoughts: Populating the Semantic Web?", Roberto Basili, Maria Teresa Pazienza (eds.), AI*IA 2007: Artificial Intelligence and Human-Oriented Computing, Springer-Verlag, page 10.
- (medicine) A characteristic sign of a disease or of a bodily disorder, a symptom; a sign of a bodily condition, recovery, or health.
- (medicine, obsolete) A livid spot upon the body, indicating, or supposed to indicate, the approach of death.
- Like the fearful tokens of the plague, Are mere fore-runners of their ends.
- (printing) Ten and a half quires, or, commonly, 250 sheets, of paper printed on both sides; also, in some cases, the same number of sheets printed on one side, or half the number printed on both sides.
- (mining) A bit of leather having a peculiar mark designating a particular miner. Each hewer sends one of these with each corf or tub he has hewn.
- 1864 August 6, "Miners and Their Grievances", The Spectator, vol. 37, No. 1884, page 902.
- 1873, Richard Fynes, The Miners of Northumberland and Durham, page 110.
- 1877, "Northern Industries", The Primitive Methodist Magazine, page 172.
- 1864 August 6, "Miners and Their Grievances", The Spectator, vol. 37, No. 1884, page 902.
- (mining) A thin bed of coal indicating the existence of a thicker seam at no great distance.
- (rail transport) A physical object used for exchange between drivers and signalmen on single track lines.
- (weaving) In a loom, a colored signal to show the weaver which shuttle to use.
- (Church of Scotland) A piece of metal given beforehand to each person in the congregation who is permitted to partake of the Lord's Supper.
Derived terms
Translations
See also
- (philosophy): particular, universal, type
References
Adjective
token (comparative more token, superlative most token)
- Done as an indication or a pledge.
- Perfunctory or merely symbolic; done or existing for appearance's sake, or to minimally comply with a requirement.
- He made a token tap on the brake pedal at the stop sign.
- 1927, Arthur Robert Burns, Money and Monetary Policy in Early Times, page 393
- If the as had been reduced to a token in 240 BC, it was now a little more token than before.
- 2000, Cheris Kramarae, Dale Spender, Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women, Page 176
- There are still many churches where the participation of women is token.
- (of people) Included in minimal numbers in order to create an impression or illusion of diversity, especially ethnic or gender diversity.
- He was hired as the company's token black person.
- The television show was primarily directed toward a black audience, but it did have a few token white people as performers.
Derived terms
Translations
Verb
token (third-person singular simple present tokens, present participle tokening, simple past and past participle tokened)
- To betoken, indicate, portend, designate, denote
- 1398, in Hans Kurath & Sherman M. Kuhn, eds., Middle English Dictionary, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press 1962, [[Special:BookSources/978-0-472-01044-8|?ISBN]], page 1242:
- dorr??, d?r? adj. & n. […] Golden or reddish-yellow […] (a. 1398) *Trev. Barth. 59b/a: ?elou? colour [of urine] […] tokeneþ febleness of hete […] dorrey & citrine & li?t red tokeneþ mene.
- 1928, Edmund Blunden, Undertones of War, Penguin 2010, p. 149:
- The instinct revolted against the inevitable punishment to come, already tokened by those big holes now met in walls and crossings.
- 1398, in Hans Kurath & Sherman M. Kuhn, eds., Middle English Dictionary, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press 1962, [[Special:BookSources/978-0-472-01044-8|?ISBN]], page 1242:
- To betroth
- (philosophy) To symbolize, instantiate
Derived terms
- betoken
- foretoken
References
- Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
Dutch
Etymology
From English token.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?to?k?(n)/
Noun
token m or n (plural tokens, diminutive tokentje n)
- (computing) token, an atomic piece of data.
Usage notes
There is no general agreement about the gender. In the south, people tend to use neuter, whereas in the north, masculine is preferred.
Anagrams
- knoet
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old English t?cn, from Proto-Germanic *taikn? (“sign, token, symbol”).
Noun
token (plural tokenes)
- token (a physical object representing an action, concept, etc.)
- omen, portent
- token (support for a belief)
- prearranged signal
- token (momento, keepsake)
- A flag, banner, standard associated with a person or event.
- model, example
- guarantee
- (astronomy) celestial body
- (astrology) astrological sign
Alternative forms
- tokene, tokin, tokine, tokon, tokne, tocne, toquen
- taken, takein, takin, takine (Northern)
- taken, takein, takin, takine, tacn, tacne, tacnæ, tockne (early)
Descendants
- English: token
- Scots: taiken
References
- “t?ken, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Etymology 2
Noun
token (uncountable)
- (before g-) Alternative form of tukinge
Etymology 3
Verb
token
- simple past plural of taken
Alternative forms
- toke, tok, tokon, teken, takede
- tocken (early southwest Midlands)
- tocan (early)
Verb
token
- Alternative form of taken: past participle of taken
Swedish
Noun
token
- definite singular of tok
Anagrams
- keton
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