different between harangue vs language

English

Etymology

From Middle English arang and French harangue, from Old Italian aringa (modern Italian arringa) from aringare (“speak in public”) (modern Italian arringare), from aringo (“public assembly”), from Gothic *???????????????????????? (*hriggs), akin to Old High German hring (“ring”) (whence German Ring).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /h???æ?/
• (US)
• (Canada) IPA^(key): /h???e??/
• Rhymes: -æ?
• Hyphenation: ha?rangue

Noun

harangue (plural harangues)

1. An impassioned, disputatious public speech.
2. A tirade, harsh scolding or rant, whether spoken or written.

   Synonyms: admonition, condemnation, criticism, diatribe, polemic, rant, screed, tirade; see also Thesaurus:diatribe

Translations

Verb

harangue (third-person singular simple present harangues, present participle haranguing, simple past and past participle harangued)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To give a forceful and lengthy lecture or criticism to someone.

   Synonyms: admonish, berate, lecture, speech

   • 1711, Jonathan Swift, An Excellent New Song

     He has vamp'd an old speech, and the court to their sorrow, / Shall hear him harangue against Prior to morrow.

Related terms

• haranguer

Translations

References

French

Pronunciation

• ^{(aspirated h)} IPA^(key): /a.????/
• Homophones: haranguent, harangues

Etymology 1

From Middle French harangue (“a public address, public discourse”), from Old Italian aringo (“arena, public square, platform”), from Frankish *hring (“circle, ring”) or Gothic ???????????????????????? (hriggs, “ring, circle”), both from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“circle, ring”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreng?- (“to turn, bend”), from *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Cognate with Old High German hring (“circle, ring”), Old English hring (“circle, ring”). Alternative etymology suggests the possibility that the Italian word may be derived from a Frankish compound *hari-hring (“circular gathering”, literally “host-ring or army-ring”). More at here, ring.

Noun

harangue f (plural harangues)

1. harangue

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Verb

harangue

1. first/third-person singular present indicative of haranguer
2. first/third-person singular present subjunctive of haranguer
3. second-person singular imperative of haranguer

Further reading

• “harangue” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: l?ng?gw?j, IPA^(key): /?læ??w?d??/
  • (General American, Canada) IPA^(key): (see /æ/ raising) [?le???w?d??]
• Hyphenation: lan?guage

Etymology 1

From Middle English langage, language, from Old French language, from Vulgar Latin *lingu?ticum, from Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”), from Old Latin dingua (“tongue”), from Proto-Indo-European *dn???wéh?s (“tongue, speech, language”). Displaced native Old English ?eþ?ode.

Noun

language (countable and uncountable, plural languages)

1. (countable) A body of words, and set of methods of combining them (called a grammar), understood by a community and used as a form of communication.
   • 1867, Report on the Systems of Deaf-Mute Instruction pursued in Europe, quoted in 1983 in History of the College for the Deaf, 1857-1907 ?ISBN, page 240:

     Hence the natural language of the mute is, in schools of this class, suppressed as soon and as far as possible, and its existence as a language, capable of being made the reliable and precise vehicle for the widest range of thought, is ignored.
2. (uncountable) The ability to communicate using words.

3. (uncountable) A sublanguage: the slang of a particular community or jargon of a particular specialist field.
   • 1991, Stephen Fry, The Liar, p. 35:

     And ‘blubbing’... Blubbing went out with ‘decent’ and ‘ripping’. Mind you, not a bad new language to start up. Nineteen-twenties schoolboy slang could be due for a revival.

4. (countable, uncountable, figuratively) The expression of thought (the communication of meaning) in a specified way; that which communicates something, as language does.
   • 2001, Eugene C. Kennedy, Sara C. Charles, On Becoming a Counselor ?ISBN:

     A tale about themselves [is] told by people with help from the universal languages of their eyes, their hands, and even their shirting feet.
5. (countable, uncountable) A body of sounds, signs and/or signals by which animals communicate, and by which plants are sometimes also thought to communicate.
   • 1983, The Listener, volume 110, page 14:

     A more likely hypothesis was that the attacked leaves were transmitting some airborne chemical signal to sound the alarm, rather like insects sending out warnings […] But this is the first time that a plant-to-plant language has been detected.

   • 2009, Animals in Translation, page 274:

     Prairie dogs use their language to refer to real dangers in the real world, so it definitely has meaning.

6. (computing, countable) A computer language; a machine language.
   • 2015, Kent D. Lee, Foundations of Programming Languages ?ISBN, page 94

     In fact pointers are called references in these languages to distinguish them from pointers in languages like C and C++.

7. (uncountable) Manner of expression.
   • 1782, William Cowper, Hope

     Their language simple, as their manners meek, […]

8. (uncountable) The particular words used in a speech or a passage of text.

9. (uncountable) Profanity.

Synonyms

• (form of communication): see Thesaurus:language
• (vocabulary of a particular field): see Thesaurus:jargon
• (computer language): computer language, programming language, machine language
• (particular words used): see Thesaurus:wording

Hypernyms

• medium

Hyponyms

• See Category:en:Languages

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Verb

language (third-person singular simple present languages, present participle languaging, simple past and past participle languaged)

1. (rare, now nonstandard or technical) To communicate by language; to express in language.

   • Others were languaged in such doubtful expressions that they have a double sense.

See also

• bilingual
• lexis
• linguistics
• multilingual
• term
• trilingual
• word

Etymology 2

Alteration of languet.

Noun

language (plural languages)

1. A languet, a flat plate in or below the flue pipe of an organ.

References

• language at OneLook Dictionary Search
• language in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• language in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

French

Noun

language m (plural languages)

1. Archaic spelling of langage.

Middle English

Noun

language (plural languages)

1. Alternative form of langage

Middle French

Alternative forms

• langage
• langaige
• languaige

Etymology

From Old French language.

Noun

language m (plural languages)

1. language (style of communicating)

Related terms

• langue

Descendants

• French: langage
  • Haitian Creole: langaj
    • ? English: langaj
  • Mauritian Creole: langaz

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *lingu?ticum, from Classical Latin lingua (“tongue, language”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lan??ad???/

Noun

language f (oblique plural languages, nominative singular language, nominative plural languages)

1. language (style of communicating)

Related terms

• langue, lingue

Descendants

• ? Middle English: language
  • English: language
• Middle French: language
  • French: langage
    • Haitian Creole: langaj
      • ? English: langaj
    • Mauritian Creole: langaz
• ? Old Spanish: lenguage