different between guru vs muru

English

Alternative forms

• goru [17th-19th c.]
• gooroo [19th c.]
• guroo (archaic)

Etymology

From Hindi ???? (guru) / Urdu ???? (guru) / Punjabi ???? (gur?), from Sanskrit ???? (guru, “venerable, respectable”), originally "heavy" and in this sense cognate to English grieve. (A traditional etymology based on the Advayataraka Upanishad (line 16) describes the syllables gu as 'darkness' and ru as 'destroyer', thus meaning "one who destroys/dispels darkness"). Doublet of grave, grief, and brute.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /????u?/, /??u??u?/, /????u?/
• (US) IPA^(key): /????(?)u/, /??u(?)?u/, /????u/

Noun

guru (plural gurus)

1. A Hindu or Sikh spiritual teacher. [from 17th c.]
   • 1817, William Ward, History, Literature and Religion of the Hindoos, vol II:

     When the gooroo arrives at the house of a disciple, the whole family prostrate themselves at his feet, and the spiritual guide puts his right foot on the heads of the prostrate family.

   • 2010, Wendy Shanker, The Guardian, 10 May 2010:

     Traditionally, a guru is a spiritual teacher who guides a student on the road to Enlightenment, or finding God.

2. (sometimes humorous) An influential advisor or mentor. [from 20th c.]
   • 2004, ‘Vintage technology’, Time, 18 Oct 2004:

     Many oenophiles rely on the ratings and recommendations of wine guru Robert Parker when selecting the perfect bottle.

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

References

Blagar

Noun

guru

1. teacher

References

• Antoinette Schapper, The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 1 (2014), p. 165

Czech

Noun

guru m

1. guru (spiritual teacher)
2. guru (leader or expert in a field)

Finnish

Noun

guru

1. A guru

Declension

French

Noun

guru m (plural gurus)

1. Alternative spelling of gourou

Hausa

Noun

g?r?? m (plural g?r???y?, possessed form g?r?un)

1. A large leather belt, usually containing charms.

Hungarian

Etymology

From Hindi ???? (guru), from Sanskrit ???? (guru, “heavy”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [??uru]
• Hyphenation: gu?ru
• Rhymes: -ru

Noun

guru (plural guruk)

1. guru (a Hindu or Sikh spiritual teacher)
2. guru (leader or expert in a field)

Declension

References

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay guru, ultimately Sanskrit ???? (gurú, “guru, teacher, sage”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *gr?Hú?, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr?Húš, from Proto-Indo-European *g?r?h?ús (“heavy”). Doublet of bruto.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?u.ru/

Noun

guru (plural para guru, first-person possessive guruku, second-person possessive gurumu, third-person possessive gurunya)

1. teacher

Derived terms

Compounds

Further reading

• “guru” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Italian

Etymology

From Hindi ???? (gur?, “teacher”)

Noun

guru m (invariable)

1. A guru (religious or spiritual leader; influential person)

Javanese

Alternative forms

• Carakan: ????
• Roman: goeroe (dated)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ???? (guru, “teacher”)

Noun

guru (krama-ngoko guru)

1. spiritual teacher
2. teacher

   Synonym: dwija

3. (of bee) queen bee

References

• "guru" in Tim Balai Bahasa Yogyakarta, Kamus Basa Jawa (Bausastra Jawa). Kanisius, Yogyakarta

Latin

Noun

g??r?

1. ablative singular of g??rus

Lindu

Noun

guru

1. teacher

Malay

Etymology

From Sanskrit ???? (gurú).

Pronunciation

Noun

guru (Jawi spelling ?????, plural guru-guru, informal 1st possessive guruku, impolite 2nd possessive gurumu, 3rd possessive gurunya)

1. educator, teacher, instructor

Further reading

• “guru” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Mapudungun

Alternative forms

• gvrv

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /????/

Noun

guru (using Raguileo Alphabet)

1. A fox

Pali

Alternative forms

Etymology

Cognate with Sanskrit ???? (guru). It is an assimilatory modification of garu.

Adjective

guru

1. heavy
2. venerable

Declension

Noun

guru m

1. teacher (clarification of this definition is needed)

Declension

References

“guru”, in Pali Text Society, editor, Pali-English Dictionary?, London: Chipstead, 1921-1925.

Polish

Etymology

From Hindi ???? (gur?) / Urdu ???? (guru) / Punjabi ???? (gur?), from Sanskrit ???? (gurú), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *gr?Hú?, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr?Húš, from Proto-Indo-European *g?r?h?ús (“heavy”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??u.ru/

Noun

guru m pers (indeclinable)

1. (Hinduism) guru (spiritual teacher)
2. guru (advisor or mentor)

Further reading

• guru in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• guru in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Etymology

From Sanskrit ???? (gurú, “venerable, respectable”), originally "heavy", from Proto-Indo-European *g?réh?us.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /?u.??u/
• Hyphenation: gu?ru
• Rhymes: -u

Noun

guru m (plural gurus)

1. guru (spiritual teacher)

Noun

guru m, f (plural gurus)

1. guru (advisor, mentor)

Related terms

• baro-
• grave

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

g?ru m (Cyrillic spelling ?????)

1. guru

Declension

Slovak

Etymology

From Hindi ???? (gur?) / Urdu ???? (guru), from Sanskrit ???? (guru, “venerable, respectable”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??u.ru/

Noun

guru m (genitive singular gurua, nominative plural guruovia, genitive plural guruov, declension pattern of chlap)

1. guru

Declension

References

• guru in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk

Swahili

Etymology

From Hindi ???? (gu?, “jaggery”).

Pronunciation

Noun

guru

1. Only used in sukari guru (“jaggery”)

Swedish

Etymology

From Hindi ???? (gur?), from Sanskrit ???? (guru, “heavy”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?????r?/
• Rhymes: -??r?

Noun

guru c

1. guru

Declension

References

• guru in Svensk ordbok (SO)

Yakan

Noun

guru

1. teacher (of spiritual matters or martial arts)

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Maori.

Noun

muru

1. (New Zealand) An act of retaliatory theft among the Maori.

Anagrams

• Urum

Darkinjung

Noun

muru

1. pathway

Dharug

Noun

muru

1. path

Estonian

Noun

muru (genitive muru, partitive muru)

1. lawn
2. grass

Declension

Finnish

Etymology

From murtaa +? -u.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?muru/, [?muru]
• Rhymes: -uru
• Syllabification: mu?ru

Noun

muru

1. A crumb
2. A very small amount of something, a jot, an iota.
3. (colloquial) honey (term of affection)

Declension

Synonyms

• (jot) hitunen, hiven, kipene, murunen, rahtu
• (honey) kulta, kulti

Derived terms

• murunen

Related terms

• muren
• murentaa
• murentua
• murtua

Gamilaraay

Noun

muru

1. nose

Karelian

Noun

muru

1. crumb

Michoacán Mazahua

Noun

muru

1. egg

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Metaphony of Old Norse m?ru, oblique singular forms of mara. Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *mar?, whence also modern English mare (“evil spirit”).

Noun

muru f (definite singular murua or (defunct) muro, indefinite plural murur, definite plural murune)

1. (dialectal or nonstandard since 1917) alternative form of mare (“mare”)

Usage notes

• This form was the standard form allowed under the scarcely used Midlandsnormalen of 1901, alongside maru. It had the inflected forms muro, murur and murune, in the definite singular, indefinite plural and definite plural respectively. These forms faded into oblivion and were definitely defunct by the spelling reform of 1917.

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?mu.ru/

Noun

muru m inan

1. genitive singular of mur

Sardinian

Etymology

From Latin m?rus. Compare Italian muro.

Noun

muru

1. wall

Sicilian

Etymology

From Latin m?rus. Compare Italian muro.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?mu?u/
• Hyphenation: mù?ru

Noun

muru m (plural muri or mura)

1. wall

Veps

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)Related to Finnish muru.

Noun

muru

1. crumb
2. bit, small piece

Inflection

References

• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007) , “??????”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovar? [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Yagara

Noun

muru

1. Alternative form of muro.

References

• State Library of Queensland, Indigenous Language Wordlists Yugarabul Body Parts.